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wrought aluminum products
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
..., or soldering. A wide variety of mechanical aluminum fasteners simplifies the assembly of many products. Adhesive bonding of aluminum parts is widely employed, particularly in joining aircraft components. Table 3 lists fabrication characteristics of commonly used wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys...
Abstract
Aluminum is the second most widely used metal in the world. It is readily available, offers a wide range of properties, and can be shaped, coated, and joined using a variety of methods. This chapter discusses some of the key attributes of wrought and cast aluminum alloys and the classifications, designations, and grades of available product forms. It also explains how aluminum alloys are used in aerospace, automotive, rail, and marine applications as well as in building and construction, electrical products, manufacturing equipment, packaging, and consumer durables such as appliances and furniture.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870265
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
... States for aluminum and aluminum alloys is used for all product forms (both wrought and cast), with the exception of ingot. The system is based on the sequences of mechanical or thermal treatments, or both, used to produce the various tempers. The temper designation follows the alloy designation...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240487
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... be used. The number “1” for extruded products indicates the product was straightened by stretching, while the number “0” indicates that it was not mechanically straightened. 26.3 Aluminum Alloys The principal alloying elements in wrought aluminum alloys include copper, manganese, magnesium, silicon...
Abstract
Aluminum has many outstanding properties, leading it to be used for a wide range of applications. It offers excellent strength-to-weight ratio, good corrosion and oxidation resistance, high electrical and thermal conductivity, exceptional formability, and relatively low cost. This chapter examines the metallurgy, composition, processing, and mechanical properties of aluminum and its alloys, both cast and wrought forms. It also covers heat treating and basic temper designations, including annealed, work hardened, solution heat treated, and solution heated treated and aged. The chapter concludes with information on corrosion and oxidation resistance.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170520
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... pumps, many hand tools, and machinery such as larger drill presses and lathes. The higher aluminum content alloys (the ZA alloys described) are increasingly being specified for bearings and bushings in low-speed, high-load applications. Wrought Product Applications. In addition to the use of wrought...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sccmpe2.t55090241
EISBN: 978-1-62708-266-2
... stress-corrosion cracking wrought aluminum products ALUMINUM, as indicated by its position in the electromotive force (emf) series, is a thermodynamically reactive metal; among structural metals, only beryllium and magnesium are more reactive. Aluminum owes its excellent corrosion resistance...
Abstract
Aluminum is protected by a barrier oxide film that, if damaged, reforms immediately in most environments. Despite this inherent corrosion resistance, there are conditions where aluminum alloys, like many materials, are subject to the effects of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). This chapter describes those conditions, focusing initially on the effects of alloying elements and temper on solution potential and how it compares to other metals. It then addresses the issue of intergranular corrosion and its role in SCC. It explains how factors such as stress loads, grain structure, and environment determine whether or not stress-corrosion cracking develops in a susceptible alloy. It also provides stress-corrosion ratings for many alloys, tempers, and product forms and includes information on hydrogen-induced cracking.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
... of this, aluminum and its alloys are used in many applications such as buildings, power lines and equipment exposed to severe weather, large ship superstructures, the transportation field (road tanker and truck transports, railroad and subway cars), pipelines carrying water and compatible products, the beverage...
Abstract
Aluminum generally has excellent resistance to corrosion and gives years of maintenance-free service in natural atmospheres, fresh waters, seawater, many soils and chemicals, and most foods. This chapter explains why aluminum and aluminum alloys are naturally resistant to corrosion and describes the conditions and circumstances under which their natural defenses break down. It discusses the causes and forms of corrosion observed in aluminum alloys and the effect of composition, microstructure, processing history, and environmental variables such as impurities, fluid flow, surface area, pressure, and temperature.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... Compositions and International Designations on pages 426–436) and in Registration Records on wrought alloys, castings, and ingots published by the Aluminum Association. Product forms and nominal compositions of common wrought aluminum alloys Table 4 Product forms and nominal compositions of common...
Abstract
This article discusses the composition, structures, properties, and behaviors of aluminum alloys and explains how they correspond to specific alloying elements. It begins with an overview of the general characteristics of wrought and cast aluminum alloys, the four-digit classification system by which they are defined, and the applications for which they are suited. It then explains how primary alloying elements, second-phase constituents, and impurities affect yield strength, phase formation, and grain size and how they induce structural changes that help refine certain alloys. The article also explains how primary alloying elements affect corrosion and wear behaviors and how they influence fabrication processes such as forming, forging, welding, brazing, and soldering.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550033
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... Mechanical properties of select wrought heat treatable aluminum alloys Alloy Temper Product form Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation in 2 in., % MPa ksi MPa ksi 2008 T4 Sheet 248 36 124 18 28 T6 Sheet 303 44 241 35 13 2014 T6, T651 Plate, forging 483 70 414...
Abstract
This chapter provides basic engineering information on aluminum alloys with an emphasis on their use in applications where weight is a significant design factor. It discusses the advantages and limitations of various types of aluminum along with their compositions, designations, and achievable strengths. It explains how some alloys are hardened through solution strengthening and cold working, while others are strengthened by precipitation hardening. It also describes production and fabrication processes such as melting, casting, rolling, forging, forming, extruding, heat treating, and joining, and includes a section on the causes and effects of corrosion and how they are typically controlled.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060073
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... point of the iron. The molten iron dissolved carbon and other impurities, which was not the case in the production of sponge and wrought iron. The product from the furnaces that melted the iron was called pig iron. Typical pig iron compositions are given in Table 4.3 . The raw material used...
Abstract
The discovery and use of materials have shaped civilization since ancient times. This chapter traces the history of the use of metals from hammered copper estimated to be 11,000 years old to the development of electrolytically refined aluminum in 1884. The discussion covers the advent of the Bronze Age, extraction of metals from their respective ores, and the discovery of modern metals such as chromium, vanadium, platinum, and titanium.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240509
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... strength of castings is approximately equal to the tensile yield strength. As a result of these factors, combined with the fact that magnesium wrought products are more expensive than comparable aluminum wrought products, magnesium alloy castings are the much more widely used product forms. Magnesium...
Abstract
Magnesium occupies the highest anodic position on the galvanic series and can be subject to severe corrosion. The corrosion problem is due to the impurity elements iron, nickel, and copper. However, the use of higher-purity magnesium alloys has led to corrosion resistance approaching that of some of the competing aluminum casting alloys. This chapter begins with a general overview of magnesium metallurgy and alloy designations and moves on to discuss in detail the nominal compositions, mechanical properties, heat treatment, fabrication, and corrosion protection of magnesium casting alloys and wrought magnesium alloys. It also discusses the nominal compositions, properties, and applications of commercially pure zinc, zinc casting alloys, and wrought zinc alloys.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870251
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
... Abstract This appendix contains composition limit data for wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys. aluminum alloys chemical composition wrought aluminum alloys Composition limits for wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys Table A-1 (Part 1) Composition limits for wrought aluminum...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... of the more important guidelines are as follows: Wrought titanium alloy products are the more readily available, but castings are close behind. Wrought alloys also have the greatest experience factor. Castings, however, are useful for savings in weight and cost. Cast-plus-HIP (hot isostatic pressed...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aacppa.t51140001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-335-5
... are typically less than for wrought products. Tooling can range from simple patterns to complex tool steel dies depending on product requirements and production volume. Metallurgically or mechanically bonded bimetal parts can be routinely cast. Aluminum parts are routinely cast by every known process...
Abstract
This chapter first introduces the various factors that may alter the physical and mechanical properties of aluminum castings that are addressed in the other chapters in the book. Then, it presents the historical development of aluminum castings, followed by a discussion on the advantages and limitations of aluminum castings. Next, the chapter describes the major trends that are influencing the increased use of aluminum castings. Finally, it introduces the considerations involved in the selection of an appropriate aluminum alloy and casting process for a given application.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240563
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... are susceptible to hot cracking during welding or may crack after welding (delayed cracking). The susceptibility to hot cracking, a function of the aluminum and titanium contents that form γ′, is shown in Fig. 30.14 . Cracking usually occurs in the heat-affected zone, and welding is usually restricted to wrought...
Abstract
Superalloys are nickel, iron-nickel, and cobalt-base alloys designed for high-temperature applications, generally above 540 deg C. This chapter covers the metallurgy, composition, and properties of cast and wrought superalloys. It provides information on melting, heat treating, and secondary fabrication processes. It also covers coating technology, including aluminide diffusion and overlay coatings, and addresses the advantages and disadvantages of superalloys in various applications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sap.t53000009
EISBN: 978-1-62708-313-3
... superalloy production worldwide ( Ref 3 ). It is used in aircraft GTE components such as the compressor and turbine discs, casings, compressor blades, and fasteners. Some alloys may contain combined aluminum, titanium, and niobium, which could result in dual strengthening by γ′ and γ″, as is the case...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200048
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
... and longitudinal mechanical properties of steel castings, such as is experienced in rolled steel products and forgings. Excellent Weldability All cast steels can be welded and most compositions are readily weldable. Steel castings can be welded to each other or to wrought steel shapes. Details...
Abstract
Casting is one of the basic processes used for the shaping of steel. It is economical in both cost and time of production. Numerous components are produced from cast steel because of the advantages of the process. These advantages can best be described under the following headings: design flexibility, metallurgical versatility and quality, and economic benefits. This chapter looks at these advantages of steel castings. Of major interest is the comparison of cast steel with wrought steel and weldments in terms of properties, availability, cost, and quality. The chapter also includes information on cast steel compared to other cast metals and other methods of steel fabrication.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.stg2.t61280025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-267-9
..., high nickel with small additions of titanium and aluminum, which produces some γ′ phase). At the current time iron-nickel-base superalloys invariably are used in the wrought condition. Nickel-Base Superalloys Although there are solid-solution-hardened nickel-base superalloys, the most important...
Abstract
This chapter describes the metallurgy of superalloys and the extent to which it can be controlled. It discusses the alloying elements, crystal structures, and processing sequences associated with more than a dozen phases that largely determine the characteristics of superalloys, including their properties, behaviors, and microstructure. It examines the role of more than 20 alloying elements, including phosphorus (promotes carbide precipitation), boron (improves creep properties), lanthanum (increases hot corrosion resistance), and carbon and tungsten which serve as matrix stabilizers. It explains how precipitates provide strength by impeding deformation under load. It also discusses the factors that influence grain size, shape, and orientation and how they can be controlled to optimize mechanical and physical properties.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... Abstract This article discusses the composition, properties, and behaviors of copper and its alloys. It begins with an overview of the characteristics, applications, and commercial grades of wrought and cast copper. It then discusses the role of alloying, explaining how zinc, tin, aluminum...
Abstract
This article discusses the composition, properties, and behaviors of copper and its alloys. It begins with an overview of the characteristics, applications, and commercial grades of wrought and cast copper. It then discusses the role of alloying, explaining how zinc, tin, aluminum, silicon, and nickel affect the physical and mechanical properties of coppers and high-copper alloys as well as brasses, bronzes, copper-nickels, and nickel silvers. It also explains how alloying affects electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, stress-corrosion cracking, and processing characteristics.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
... covering several variations associated with different metal structures and metallurgical treatments (tempers), as shown in Fig. 1 . In wrought products with a completely recrystallized grain structure, IGC can have a varied appearance and significance, depending on the alloy and thermal treatment ( Fig. 2...
Abstract
This chapter describes the mechanisms, characteristics, and prevention of intergranular and exfoliation corrosion in various aluminum alloys. It discusses susceptible alloys and recommended tempers and presents several examples of exfoliation in aircraft components. It also explains how the two forms of corrosion are related to stress-corrosion cracking.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... Abstract This chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of producing titanium parts using powder metallurgy (PM) techniques. It compares the typical properties of wrought, cast, and PM titanium alloy products, addresses various manufacturing challenges, and describes several...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of producing titanium parts using powder metallurgy (PM) techniques. It compares the typical properties of wrought, cast, and PM titanium alloy products, addresses various manufacturing challenges, and describes several consolidation and shaping processes along with associated property data.
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