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Fig. 3.2 Process sequence of direct hot extrusion without lubrication and without a shell, with loose dummy block. a, platen; b, die holder; c, die; d, container; e, billet; f, dummy block or pressure pad; g, extrusion stem More

Fig. 3.3 Process sequence of direct hot extrusion without lubrication and without a shell, with dummy block fixed to the stem. a, platen; b, die holder; c, die; d, container; e, billet; f, dummy block or pressure pad; g, extrusion stem More

Fig. 3.4 Billet-on-billet direct hot extrusion without lubrication and without a shell, with dummy block fixed to the stem. a, platen; b, die holder; c, die; d, container; e, billet; f, dummy block; g, extrusion stem; h, discard from the previous extrusion More

Fig. 3.8 Stage in hot direct extrusion of AlMg3 without lubrication and without a shell (container diam = 140 mm; extrusion ratio V = 50; initial billet length = 450 mm; initial billet temperature = container temperature = 450 °C) More

Fig. 3.9 Material flow zones in direct hot extrusion without lubrication and without a shell. A, primary deformation zone; B, secondary deformation zone; C, friction affected peripheral zone; D, dead metal zone; E, billet core; a, container; b, die; c, die holder; d, dummy block; e, stem; f More

Fig. 3.48 Material flow in indirect hot extrusion without a shell and without lubrication. (a) Material AlMg3; extrusion ratio V ges = 50; initial billet length l b = 500 mm; container diam D 0 = 140 mm. (b) Principal depiction of billet zones in indirect extrusion without lubrication More

Figure 3-55 Example of grain-boundary etching without twin-boundary etching in AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel using Bell and Sonon’s 60% HNO 3 , aqueous etch, Pt cathode, and 0.6 V dc for 2 min (75 ×). More

Fig. 24 Influence of sulfur level on pitting resistance of welds without homogenizing anneal. FA, ferrite forming first on solidification as opposed to austenite first, AF. Source: Ref 23 More

Fig. 9 Comparison of 304L chips with and without the Ugima oxide. Courtesy of Ugitech More

Fig. 4 Metal flow directions in a weld pool with (left) and without (right) sulfur. Source: Adapted from Ref 4 More

Fig. 11.1 Schematic of servo-drive press (a) without and (b) with linkage mechanism. Source: Ref 11.5 More

Fig. 12.19 Parallelism control systems: (a) with applied force and (b) without applied force. Source: Ref 12.1 More

Fig. 11.19 Corrosion of Type 321 superheater tubes with and without Mg(OH) 2 injection in an oil-fired boiler. Source: Ref 8 More

Fig. 9.24. Effect of prior exposure to hot corrosion (without chlorides) on the fatigue life of IN 738 ( Ref 45 and 46 ). More

Fig. 9-19 Jominy end-quench bands of S5 tool steel with and without vanadium addition. Band 1, Allegheny Ludlum Industries; band 2, Teledyne VASCO Curve Composition, % Quenching temperature C Si Mn Cr Mo V °C °F 1 0.60 2.00 0.85 0.25 0.25 0.20 870 1600 2 More

Fig. 12 Alternate technique for establishing Young’s modulus for a material without an initial linear portion More

Fig. 5.28 Tensile strength of lead-tin eutectic solder with and without 3 vol% of Al 2 O 3 dispersoids as a function of strain rate, measured at 80 °C (176 °F) More

Fig. 6.88 Extrusion with and without a speed profile for the same maximum exit temperature in the direct hot extrusion without lubrication of AlMgSi0.5 [ Rup 77 ] More

Fig. 7.99 Temperatures distribution in the container without cooling after 2h production. The table lists the measured local temperature (°C) at the internal and external diameter of the container components. Source: Groos More

Fig. 6 Fatigue crack growth in laser beam weldments of Ti-6Al-4V both without and with a postweld stress relief treatment of 4.5 h at 625 °C (1160 °F). (a) Fatigue crack growth parallel to weld. (b) Fatigue crack growth perpendicular to weld. These data suggest that residual stresses More