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wire applications
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410315
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... Abstract This chapter describes the mechanical properties of fully pearlitic microstructures and their suitability for wire and rail applications. It begins by describing the ever-increasing demands placed on rail steels and the manufacturing methods that have been developed in response...
Abstract
This chapter describes the mechanical properties of fully pearlitic microstructures and their suitability for wire and rail applications. It begins by describing the ever-increasing demands placed on rail steels and the manufacturing methods that have been developed in response. It then explains how wire drawing, patenting, and the Stelmor process affect microstructure, and describes various fracture mechanisms and how they appear on steel wire fracture surfaces. The chapter concludes by discussing the effects of torsional deformation, delamination, galvanizing, and aging on patented and drawn wires.
Image
Published: 01 November 2019
Figure 17 100X objective used to image wire prior to crystal bond application, confirming wires are still embedded in plastic. Remaining thickness ~ 5 μm.
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.t56040010
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
... Abstract This article provides a brief description of commercially important thermal spray processes and gives examples of applications and application requirements. The processes covered are flame, wire arc, plasma, high-velocity oxyfuel processes, detonation gun, and cold spray methods...
Abstract
This article provides a brief description of commercially important thermal spray processes and gives examples of applications and application requirements. The processes covered are flame, wire arc, plasma, high-velocity oxyfuel processes, detonation gun, and cold spray methods. Examples are provided of the applications in aerospace, automotive, and medical device industries as well as the use of thermal spray as an additive manufacturing technique.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.jub.t53290023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-306-5
... used for semiautomatic FCAW have output ratings of ≤600 A. A power supply rated at ≥60% duty cycle is the best choice for most industrial applications, whereas a duty-cycle rating as low as 20% may be sufficient for maintenance and repair applications. Wire feeders for constant-voltage FCAW systems...
Abstract
Arc welding applies to a large and diversified group of welding processes that use an electric arc as the source of heat to melt and join metals. This chapter provides a detailed overview of specific arc welding methods: shielded metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, plasma arc welding, plasma-GMAW welding, electroslag welding, and electrogas welding. The basic characteristics of gases used for shielding during arc welding are briefly discussed.
Image
Published: 01 June 1983
Figure 2.13 Ratio of specific heat to molar volume and temperature as a function of T 2 for a composite of niobium wires. These data include the specific heat of the addenda. The specimen was cooled prior to application of a 0.1-T field ( McConville and Serin, 1964 ).
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110587
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... of these are custom designed for certain applications, resulting in drastically different constructions, ( Fig. 8 ). Al-CAPS can be broadly divided into two categories: axial and radial. Axial types typically have lead wires on both ends, though there are variants that use crowns for vertical mounting. Some are even...
Abstract
Passive components can be broadly divided into capacitors, resistors, and inductors. Failure analysis of these components helps determine the root cause and improve the overall quality and reliability of the electronic systems. This article describes different failure analysis approaches used for these components. It discusses different types of capacitors along with their constructions and failure modes. The types include tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, multi-layered ceramics, film, and super capacitors. The article then provides a discussion on the two common types of inductors, namely, common mode choke coil and surface mount powder choke coil.
Image
in Structural Steels and Steels for Pressure Vessels, Piping, and Boilers
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 14.17 Transverse cross section of wire rod of AISI 1045 steel annealed (a) and (c) and subjected to forced air accelerated cooling (Stelmor) from the austenitic region (b) and (d). Lever-rule calculations are applicable only to cooling near equilibrium, which is the case of the annealed
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1983
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mlt.t62860465
EISBN: 978-1-62708-348-5
....<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t62860465-t4-fn1">a</xref></sup> Table 13.4 Copper-to-superconductor ratio required for cryogenic stabilization. a Wire Diameter (mm) Copper-to-Superconductor Ratio Critical Current (A) 0.5 2.4 57 1 3.6 170 2 5.3 499 5 8.6 2 040 10 12 5 890 20 18 16 600 a The conservative case...
Abstract
The chapter presents an overview of the properties and operational limits of superconductive materials, as well as techniques used to fabricate practical superconducting wires. It introduces six properties: critical temperature, critical magnetic field, critical current density, stability, ac loss, and mechanical characteristics; for each property, typical data are provided and the experimental methods used to measure it are briefly described. The properties of the superconducting composites are tied together in the chapter to summarize their effect on superconductor material selection and the geometrical design of superconducting composites. The chapter also contains a reference guide to composite-design factors with links to the relevant chapter sections where each design consideration is addressed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smnm.t52140201
EISBN: 978-1-62708-264-8
... but less grain growth 1700 3092 Thermocouples come in a variety of forms. They can be custom-made for particular applications from spools of wire. For high-temperature applications, it is necessary to thread the wires through some type of ceramic insulator so that the wires do not make electrical...
Abstract
Temperature is a critical process parameter in the heat treatment and forging of steel and must be accurately measured to properly control it. This appendix discusses the operating principles of thermocouples and infrared pyrometers, describing the various types as well as advantages and applications.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110016
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
.... This article provides an overview of CSPs and their classification as well as their advantages and applications, and reveals some of the challenges in performing failure analysis on CSPs, particularly for CSPs in special package configurations such as stacked die multi-chip-packages (MCPs) and wafer level CSPs...
Abstract
Since the introduction of chip scale packages (CSPs) in the early 90s, they have continuously increased their market share due to their advantages of small form factor, cost effectiveness and PCB optimization. The reduced package size brings challenges in performing failure analysis. This article provides an overview of CSPs and their classification as well as their advantages and applications, and reveals some of the challenges in performing failure analysis on CSPs, particularly for CSPs in special package configurations such as stacked die multi-chip-packages (MCPs) and wafer level CSPs (WLCSPs). The discussion covers special requirements of CSPs such as precision decapsulation for fine ball grid array packages, accessing the failing die for MCP packages, and careful handling for WLCSP. Solutions and best practices are shared on how to overcome these challenges. The article also presents a few case studies to demonstrate how failure analysis work on CSPs can be successfully completed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1988
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.eihdca.t65220143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-341-6
... consideration should be given to construction and placement of such sensing elements when used in induction heating applications. Thermocouple lead wires should be run in a separate, shielded conduit away from all other wiring and should not be run parallel to or in proximity to ac wire runs. When the lead...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the selection, use, and integration of methods to control process variables in induction heating, including control of workpiece and processing temperature and materials handling systems. The discussion of temperature control includes a review of proportional controllers and heat-regulating devices. Integration of control functions is illustrated with examples related to heating of steel slabs, surface hardening of steel parts, vacuum induction melting for casting operations, and process optimization for electric-demand control. Distributed control within larger manufacturing systems is discussed. The chapter also covers nondestructive techniques for process control and methods for process simulation.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
... and the classifications, designations, and grades of available product forms. It also explains how aluminum alloys are used in aerospace, automotive, rail, and marine applications as well as in building and construction, electrical products, manufacturing equipment, packaging, and consumer durables such as appliances...
Abstract
Aluminum is the second most widely used metal in the world. It is readily available, offers a wide range of properties, and can be shaped, coated, and joined using a variety of methods. This chapter discusses some of the key attributes of wrought and cast aluminum alloys and the classifications, designations, and grades of available product forms. It also explains how aluminum alloys are used in aerospace, automotive, rail, and marine applications as well as in building and construction, electrical products, manufacturing equipment, packaging, and consumer durables such as appliances and furniture.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... solid wire ER 80S-D2 may also be used if a higher-strength weld metal is needed. The recommended filler metal diameter is 1.14 mm (0.045 in.). Other wire diameters, such as 0.89 mm (0.074 in.) and 1.32 mm (0.052 in.), may also be used depending on the specific application. Joint types covered...
Abstract
This chapter briefly reviews the experience-based guidelines that were developed for forming and welding advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). It discusses the benefits of using HSS in car body structures and components that are analyzed by the performance indices developed for materials selection.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110144
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... water enhances the image contrast. Crystalbond wax can be used for capacitive endpoint thinning inside the wire loops, leaving 10μm or more of remaining plastic over the die, if desired. Figure 17 100X objective used to image wire prior to crystal bond application, confirming wires are still...
Abstract
The orientation of the devices within a package determine the best chosen approach for access to a select component embedded in epoxy both in package or System in Package and multi-chip module (MCM). This article assists the analyst in making decisions on frontside access using flat lapping, chemical decapsulation, laser ablation, plasma reactive ion etching (RIE), CNC based milling and polishing, or a combination of these coupled with optical or electrical endpoint means. This article discusses the general characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each of these techniques. It also presents a case study illustrating the application of CNC milling to isolate MCM leakage failure.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060175
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... from cars to appliances Wire, used in such products as bed springs, wire rope, nails, and wire fabric Structural shapes used in buildings and bridges Bars for forgings and machined parts, such as gears and bearings Steels powders are also produced for various applications, including...
Abstract
This chapter describes the classification of steels and the various compositional categories of commercial steel products. It explains how different alloying elements affect the properties of carbon and low-alloys steels and discusses strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance and how to improve them.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hpcspa.t54460173
EISBN: 978-1-62708-285-3
... Abstract Increasing growth of high-pressure cold spraying applications on the industrial scale have forced global powder producers to face this challenge and develop specific powders for cold spray applications. This chapter provides information on the properties, classification...
Abstract
Increasing growth of high-pressure cold spraying applications on the industrial scale have forced global powder producers to face this challenge and develop specific powders for cold spray applications. This chapter provides information on the properties, classification, characteristics, manufacturing, and procedures for packaging of powders specific to cold spray applications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060117
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... machining (EDM) NA A A A A A LC LC LC A LC Wire EDM NA A A A A A LC LC LC A LC Sheet metal forming NA A A A A A LC LC LC LC NA Metal spinning NA A LC A A A A LC LC LC LC (a) NA, not applicable; A, applicable and routinely done; LC, less common...
Abstract
This chapter describes the processes involved in the fabrication of wrought and cast metal products. It discusses deformation processes including bending and forming, material removal processes such as milling, cutting, and grinding, and joining methods including welding, soldering, and brazing. It also discusses powder consolidation, rolling, drawing and extrusion, and common forging methods.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120295
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
...: 805-487-9694 ISO 9002 welding wire for aerospace and industrial applications; titanium drawing, annealing Atlantic Equipment Engineers A Div. of Micron Metals, Inc. 13 Foster St. P.O. Box 181 Bergenfield, NJ 07621 Tel: 201-384-5606 Fax: 201-387-0291 High-purity metals, metal powders...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240583
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... alloys contain 5, 41, and 47.5 wt% Re. The 5Re and 41Re alloys are used for thermocouple wire and for structural applications, while the Mo-50Re (47.5 wt% Re) alloy is typically specified for high-temperature structural components. Mo-50Re offers the strength of molybdenum with the ductility...
Abstract
The refractory metals include niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and rhenium. These metals are considered refractory because of their high melting points, high-temperature mechanical stability, and resistance to softening at elevated temperatures. This article discusses the composition, properties, fabrication procedures, advantages and disadvantages, and applications of these refractory metals and their alloys. A comparison of some of the properties of the refractory metals with those of iron, copper, and aluminum is given in a table. The article concludes with a brief section on refractory metal protective coatings.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1988
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.eihdca.t65220281
EISBN: 978-1-62708-341-6
.... The plastic is deformed on contact with the heated wire, causing it to match the ridges in the twisted wire handle. Fig. 11.2 Application of induction heating for attaching knife and brush handles Source: Lepel Corp. At other times, the metal susceptor does not remain a part of the final...
Abstract
Induction heating has found widespread use as a method to raise the temperature of a metal prior to forming or joining, or to change its metallurgical structure. However, induction heating has specialized capabilities that make it suitable for applications outside of metal treatment and fabrication. This chapter summarizes some of the special applications of induction heating, including those in the plastics, packaging, electronics, glass, chemical, and metal-finishing industries. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the application of induction heating for vacuum processes.
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