Fig. 17.5 Cooling curves (schematic) of (a) gray cast iron, (b) white cast iron, and (c) mottled cast iron. In addition to the stable and metastable eutectic temperatures, the temperatures at the start of the solidification of the pro-eutetic austenite (T ℓ ) and the end of solidification (T f More

Fig. 8.26 White cast iron. Dark regions are dendrites of pro-eutectoid austenite that transformed to pearlite on cooling. In the regions between the dendrites, the austenite-cementite eutectic (ledeburite) can be seen. In the eutectic, austenite has transformed to pearlite (dark) and the iron More

Fig. 8.40 Macrograph of a white cast iron. Dendrites are clearly visible. The dendrite axes are dark, as the austenite in these regions has decomposed into ferrite and cementite, probably pearlite. Etchant: Nitric acid (nital). (Compare with Fig. 8.39 .) More

Fig. 17.12 (a) Hypoeutectic white cast iron. Austenite dendrites were transformed into pearlite (dark). The transformed ledeburite, among the dendrites, is composed of cementite (white) and pearlite (dark, small dots). Etchant: nital. (b) Another hypoeutectic white cast iron. Austenite More

Fig. 17.15 Hypoeutectic white cast iron rapidly cooled during solidification. Small interdendritic arm spacing. Etchant: picral. More

Fig. 17.16 Hypoeutectic white cast iron. Long cementite crystals in a matrix of transformed ledeburite. Etchant: picral. More

Fig. 17.17 Larger magnification view of the structure of the white cast iron presented in Fig. 17.16 . Etchant: picral. More

Fig. 17.18 Hypereutectic white cast iron. Etching with sodium picrate colors cementite gray (both pro-eutectic cementite and the cementite in ledeburite). Etchant: sodium picrate solution. More

Fig. 17.19 Transformed ledeburite in the eutectic region of a white cast iron. Small areas of pearlite in a cementite matrix. Etchant: picral. More

Fig. 17.70 Region close to the surface in a hypoeutectic white cast iron part. The rapid extraction of heat through the surface has led to the growth of dendrites in a direction normal to the surface, forming a columnar zone. Etchant: nital. More

Fig. 17.113 White cast iron, produced by chilling, and annealed. Graphite is present. More

Fig. 16.10 Eutectic component of a white cast iron More

Fig. 5.15 Longitudinal section of directionally-solidified (DS) white cast iron. The two grains in the micrograph have the same lamellar spacing but are oriented differently with regard to the plane of polish. Etched with nital. Source: Ref 5.6 More

Fig. 1.26 Micrograph of a white cast iron showing a microstructure consisting of pearlite (gray etching constituent), cementite (light etching constituent), and ledeburite (regions of rounded clusters). Etched in 4% picral. 250× More

Fig. 2.46 Pearlitic white cast iron (3.21% C, 0.32% Mn, and 0.47% Si) showing the rim of cementite (note arrows) that formed upon cooling around the primary dendrites of austenite (now pearlite). 4% picral etch. 500× More

Fig. 2.49 Pearlitic white cast iron (3.21% C, 0.32% Mn, and 0.47% Si). 4% picral etch. 250× More

Fig. 3.22 Microstructure of a white cast iron. Light etching constituent is cementite, and the darker etching constituent is pearlite. The small pearlite globules surrounded by cementite in the center of the micrograph are a eutectic called ledeburite. 4% picral etch. 250× More

Fig. 5.17 (Part 1) Micrographs taken of the same field of a white cast iron by rotating a five-objective nosepiece through (a) 5×, (b) 10×, (c) 20×, (d) 50×, and (e) 100×. The white constituent is cementite, and the dark constituent is pearlite. 4% picral etch. Final magnification (a) 50×, (b More

Fig. 5.17 (Part 2) Micrographs taken of the same field of a white cast iron by rotating a five-objective nosepiece through (a) 5×, (b) 10×, (c) 20×, (d) 50×, and (e) 100×. The white constituent is cementite, and the dark constituent is pearlite. 4% picral etch. Final magnification (a) 50×, (b More

Fig. 10.8 White cast iron microstructure after heat treatment, exhibiting a network of massive cementite and tempered martensite. Original magnification: 140× More