Fig. 2.16 Comparison of primary components of two vertical welding processes in which molten weld pools are confined by cooling shoes: (a) electroslag welding and (b) electrogas welding (EGW). Source: Ref 2.3 More

Fig. 7 Effect of welding processes on the fatigue-crack-growth rate of longitudinally oriented (a) Ti-6Al-4V and (b) Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn. Source: Ref 41 More

Fig. 21.11 Welding processes used for hardfacing. Adapted from Ref 5 More

Fig. 12.32 Effect of welding processes on fatigue crack growth rate of longitudinally oriented titanium alloys. (a) Ti-6Al-4V alpha-beta alloy. (b) Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn beta alloy. GTAW, gas-tungsten arc welding; EBW, electron beam welding; LBW, laser beam welding More

Fig. 10.27 Two most popular fusion melting processes. (a) Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and (b) gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) More

Fig. 6.35 Friction stir welding process. (a) Process schematic. (b) Weld zone showing regions of heat-affected zone (HAZ) and thermomechanical-affected zone (TMAZ). Source: Ref 6.11 More

Fig. 1.6 Welding using shielded metal arc welding process More

Fig. 3.9 Weld produced when using the flash welding process: (a) workpieces securely clamped in current-carrying dies before upsetting operation is initiated; (b) finished weld produced after upsetting operation. Source: Ref 3.4 More

Fig. 4 Effect of welding process on weld metal toughness for low-alloy steels. Source: Ref 5 More

Fig. 6.31 Schematic of resistance spot welding process. Courtesy of R. Matteson, Taylor Winfield More

Fig. 2.8 Schematic of gas metal arc welding process. Source: Ref 2.6 More

Fig. 2.11 Key components of the gas tungsten arc welding process. Source: Ref 2.7 More

Fig. 2.14 Plasma arc welding process, showing constriction of the arc by a copper nozzle and a keyhole through the plate. Source: Ref 2.10 More

Fig. 4.4 Stud arc welding process: (a) gun is properly positioned; (b) trigger is depressed and stud is lifted, creating an arc; (c) arcing period is completed and stud is plunged into molten pool of metal on base material; (d) gun is withdrawn from welded stud and ferrule is removed. Source More

Fig. 6.16 Fundamental steps in the friction welding process: (a) one workpiece is rotated, and the other workpiece is held stationary; (b) both workpieces are brought together, and an axial force is applied to begin the upsetting process; (c) workpiece rotation is stopped, and the upsetting More

Fig. 6.17 Friction stir welding process. Source: Ref 6.10 More

Fig. 6.21 Friction stir weld process development tool at the Marshall Space Flight Center shown with an 8.2 m (27 ft) diameter barrel segment of the 2195 Al-Li external tank for the Space Shuttle at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Michoud Assembly Facility in New More

Fig. 25-6 Elements of the electroslag welding process. An electrode is fed automatically into the weld zone where it is melted (fused) by heat generated in a conductive slag ( 2 ). More

Fig. 5 Schematic illustration of the friction stir welding process More