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weld discontinuities
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Image
Published: 01 November 2012
Fig. 19 Weld discontinuities affect weld shape and contour. (a) Undercut and overlapping a fillet weld. (b) Undercut and overlapping in a groove weld. (c) and (d) Underfill in groove welds. Source: Ref 14
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Image
Published: 01 April 2013
Fig. 5 Weld discontinuities affecting weld shape and contour. (a) Undercut and overlapping in a fillet weld. (b) Undercut and overlapping in a groove weld. (c) and (d) Underfill in groove welds. Source: Ref 1
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Image
Published: 01 November 2011
Fig. 5.20 Weld discontinuities affect weld shape and contour: (a) undercut and overlapping a fillet weld, (b) undercut and overlapping in a groove weld, and (c) and (d) underfill in groove welds. Source: Ref 5.9
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610585
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
...Abstract Abstract This appendix provides detailed information on design deficiencies, material and manufacturing defects, and service-life anomalies. It covers ingot-related defects, forging and sheet forming imperfections, casting defects, heat treating defects, and weld discontinuities...
Abstract
This appendix provides detailed information on design deficiencies, material and manufacturing defects, and service-life anomalies. It covers ingot-related defects, forging and sheet forming imperfections, casting defects, heat treating defects, and weld discontinuities. It shows how application life is affected by the severity of service conditions and discusses the consequences of using inappropriate materials.
Book: Corrosion of Weldments
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cw.t51820013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-339-3
... of the weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ), solid-state phase transformations during welding, control of toughness in the HAZ, the effects of preheating and postweld heat treatment, and weld discontinuities. This chapter provides information on the classification of steels and the welding characteristics...
Abstract
Carbon and low-alloy steels are the most frequently welded metallic materials, and much of the welding metallurgy research has focused on this class of materials. Key metallurgical factors of interest include an understanding of the solidification of welds, microstructure of the weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ), solid-state phase transformations during welding, control of toughness in the HAZ, the effects of preheating and postweld heat treatment, and weld discontinuities. This chapter provides information on the classification of steels and the welding characteristics of each class. It describes the issues related to corrosion of carbon steel weldments and remedial measures that have proven successful in specific cases. The major forms of environmentally assisted cracking affecting weldment corrosion are covered. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the effects of welding practice on weldment corrosion.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720411
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
...Abstract Abstract Weldments made by the various welding processes may contain discontinuities that are characteristic of that process. This chapter discusses the different welding processes as well as the discontinuities typical of each process. It provides a detailed discussion on the methods...
Abstract
Weldments made by the various welding processes may contain discontinuities that are characteristic of that process. This chapter discusses the different welding processes as well as the discontinuities typical of each process. It provides a detailed discussion on the methods of nondestructive inspection of weldments including visual inspection, liquid penetrant inspection, magnetic particle inspection, radiographic inspection, ultrasonic inspection, leak testing, and eddy current and electric current perturbation inspection. The chapter also describes the properties of brazing filler metals and the types of flaws exhibited by brazed joints.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fahtsc.t51130503
EISBN: 978-1-62708-284-6
...Abstract Abstract Failure analysis of steel welds may be divided into three categories. They include failures due to design deficiencies, weld-related defects usually found during inspection, and failures in field service. This chapter emphasizes the failures due to various discontinuities...
Abstract
Failure analysis of steel welds may be divided into three categories. They include failures due to design deficiencies, weld-related defects usually found during inspection, and failures in field service. This chapter emphasizes the failures due to various discontinuities in the steel weldment. These include poor workmanship, a variety of hydrogen-assisted cracking failures, stress-corrosion cracking, fatigue, and solidification cracking in steel welds. Hydrogen-assisted cracking can appear in four common forms, namely underbead or delayed cracking, weld metal fisheyes, ferrite vein cracking, and hydrogen-assisted reduced ductility.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.jub.t53290099
EISBN: 978-1-62708-306-5
... to full strength Use compatible filler 5.6 Overview of Weld Discontinuities Weld discontinuities are interruptions in the desirable physical structure of a weld. A discontinuity constituting a danger to a weld’s fitness for service is a defect. By definition, a defect is a condition...
Abstract
During fusion welding, the thermal cycles produced by the moving heat source causes physical state changes, metallurgical phase transformations, and transient thermal stresses and metal movement. This chapter begins by discussing weld metal solidification behavior and the solid-state transformations of the main classes of metals and alloys during fusion welding. The main classes include work- or strain-hardened metals and alloys, precipitation-hardened alloys, transformation-hardened steels and cast irons, stainless steels, and solid-solution and dispersion-hardened alloys. The following section provides information on the residual stresses and distortion that remain after welding. The focus then shifts to distortion control of weldments. Inclusions and cracking are discussed in detail. The chapter also discusses the causes for reduced fatigue strength of a component by a weld: stress concentration due to weld shape and joint geometry; stress concentration due to weld imperfections; and residual welding stresses. Inspection and characterization of welds are described in the final section of this chapter.
Image
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of common types of discontinuities in welds. Reproduced with permission of the American Welding Society. See also Table 1 . Source: Ref 1
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610263
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
.... It explains where fatigue failures are likely to occur in cold-driven rivet and friction joints, and why the fatigue strength of welded joints can be much lower than that of the parent metal, depending on weld shape, joint geometry, discontinuities, and residual stresses. The chapter also explains how...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the fatigue behavior of bolted, riveted, and welded joints. It describes the relative strength of machined and rolled threads and the effect of thread design, preload, and clamping force on the fatigue strength of bolts made from different steels. It explains where fatigue failures are likely to occur in cold-driven rivet and friction joints, and why the fatigue strength of welded joints can be much lower than that of the parent metal, depending on weld shape, joint geometry, discontinuities, and residual stresses. The chapter also explains how to improve the fatigue life of welded joints and discusses the factors that can reduce the fracture toughness of weld metals.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200197
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
... as shakeout, abrasive blast cleaning, removal of risers, ingates, and discontinuities, rough inspection, removal of discontinuities, finishing welding, heat treatment, and final visual, dimensional, and NDT inspection. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on these activities. finishing heat...
Abstract
After pouring, castings are allowed to solidify and cool. They are later removed from the molds in the shakeout operation. A series of activities then follow, which are generally referred to as finishing and heat treatment. These activities can be broadly categorized as shakeout, abrasive blast cleaning, removal of risers, ingates, and discontinuities, rough inspection, removal of discontinuities, finishing welding, heat treatment, and final visual, dimensional, and NDT inspection. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on these activities.
Image
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 7.27 Electromagnetic yoke, showing position and magnetic field to detect discontinuities parallel to a weld bead. Discontinuities across a weld bead can be detected by placing the contact surfaces of the yoke next to and on either side of the bead (rotating yoke about 90° from position shown
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Image
in Liquid Penetrant, Magnetic Particle, and Eddy-Current Inspection
> Inspection of MetalsUnderstanding the Basics
Published: 01 April 2013
Fig. 7 Electromagnetic yoke, showing position and magnetic field to detect discontinuities parallel to a weld bead. Discontinuities across a weld bead can be detected by placing the contact surfaces of the yoke next to and on either side of the bead (rotating yoke about 90° from position shown
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Image
in Avoidance, Control, and Repair of Fatigue Damage[1]
> Fatigue and Durability of Structural Materials
Published: 01 March 2006
Fig. 11.38 Methods of reducing the stress concentration at the ends of discontinuous longitudinal butt welds. (a) End of weld radiused. (b) Drilled hole at weld end. Source: Ref 11.42
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Image
Published: 01 April 2013
Fig. 12 Ultrasonic scanning procedures to detect longitudinal and transverse discontinuities in welds that (a) are not ground flush and (b) are ground flush. Source: Ref 1
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720183
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
... used to find discontinuities that are open to the surface of solid, essentially nonporous materials. Indications of flaws can be found regardless of the size, configuration, internal structure, and chemical composition of the workpiece being inspected, as well as flaw orientation. Liquid penetrants can...
Abstract
Liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, and eddy current inspection are used to detect surface flaws. This chapter is a detailed account of the physical principles, process description, equipment requirements, selection criteria, advantages, limitations, and applications of these surface flaw detection techniques.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sch6.t68200065
EISBN: 978-1-62708-354-6
... to 5. Level 1 is the most severe and level 5 the least severe requirement. A special set of reference radiographs for investment castings is available as ASTM E192 ( Table 4-1 ). Reference radiographs of discontinuities common to steel welding are categorized in ASTM E390, however, finishing...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of standards and specifications for steel castings. It defines specifications and discusses how certification, testing, examination, methods, practices, procedures, compositions, properties, facilities, statistical process control, and documentation relate to codes and standards. The chapter describes processes involved in the selection of specifications for steel castings. Further, it provides information on the cost of specifications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
... of the inspection methods that will be covered in the remainder of this book. Visual Inspection Visual inspection provides a means of detecting and examining a variety of surface flaws, such as corrosion, contamination, surface finish, and surface discontinuities on joints (for example, welds, seals...
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the various inspection methods used with metals and alloys, namely visual inspection, coordinate measuring machines, machine vision, hardness testing, tensile testing, chemical analysis, metallography, and nondestructive testing. The nondestructive testing methods discussed are liquid penetrant inspection, magnetic particle inspection, eddy current inspection, radiographic inspection, and ultrasonic testing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.imub.t53720365
EISBN: 978-1-62708-305-8
... bonding due to chemical segregation and mechanical working. Source: Ref 1 In metals, the presence of localized regions that deviate from the nominal composition can affect corrosion resistance, forging and joining (welding) characteristics, mechanical properties, fracture toughness, and fatigue...
Abstract
In forgings of both ferrous and nonferrous metals, the flaws that most often occur are caused by conditions that exist in the ingot, by subsequent hot working of the ingot or the billet, and by hot or cold working during forging. The inspection methods most commonly used to detect these flaws include visual, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, eddy current, and radiographic inspection. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on the characteristics, process steps, applications, advantages, and limitations of these methods. It also describes the flaws caused by the forging operation and the principal factors that influence the selection of a nondestructive inspection method for forgings.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmcs.9781627082914
EISBN: 978-1-62708-291-4