Fig. 4.15 Fixed-volume and variable-volume elastomeric tooling methods. Source: Ref 7 More

Figure 10 3D excavation visualization collected via Ne + SIMS. The volume dimensions are 1.2 μm x 1.2 μm x 320 nm. More

Figure 7 Electron beam – sample interaction volume and interaction products. More

Figure 5 Electron beam – sample interaction volume and interaction products. More

Figure 25 Comparison interaction volume in thin section of TEM sample and bulk material in SEM (not drawn to scale). The electrons can penetrate as deep as 8 μm in to the bulk sample at 30 keV [36] and degrade spatial resolution. In a thin TEM section, the interaction volume is limited More

Figure 7 (a) Volume rendering of a flip chip packaging with voxel size of 7 um. (b) Volume rendering of two neighboring BGA solder joints with cross sectional images to show solder contact with pad. More

Figure 9 Stacked die interconnect analysis. Projection image of extracted volume (center); 3D image of 25 μm diameter Cu-pillar microbump and virtual cross section (left); 3D image and virtual plan-view slice (right) of BEOL metal 6 interconnect (28 nm Si node). [14] . More

Figure 30 Plasma FIB large-volume removal of the three-stack TSV sample with short. Left top inset is zoom-in into the Chip 1/Chip 2 area. Top right inset is further magnification into the shorted structures, as indicated by red arrows. More

Figure 84 Cross section simplified view of the e-beam penetration volume and interactions with the sample. The primary e-beam creates (1) secondary electrons, (2) absorbed current, (3) heating throughout the penetration volume, and if the e-beam reaches the silicon layer, (4) EBIC currents More

Fig. 28 Variation of the specific phase volume of different steel transformation phases as a function of temperature. Source: Ref 69 More

Fig. 6 Specific volume (DV/V) of carbon steels relative to room temperature. Source: Ref 7 More

Fig. 13 Volume increase of 90MnV8 and 15CrV6 steels as a function of austenitizing temperature and specimen dimensions. Source: Ref 13 More

Fig. 7 Effect of carbon content on the lath martensite volume, retained austenite volume fraction, and Ms temperature. Source: Adapted from Ref 6 More

Fig. 8 Specific volume (DV/V) of carbon steels relative to room temperature. Source: Adapted from Ref 7 More

Fig. 9.12 Effect of carbon content on martensite start temperature and volume percent of retained austenite, γ, in as-quenched martensite More

Fig. 12.9 (Part 3) (d) Variation with depth of carbon content, volume fraction of pearlite in the normalized condition, and hardness in the quenched-and-tempered condition for the decarburized 0.4% C steel shown in Fig. 12.9 (Part 1) (a) to (c) . More

Fig. 9.11 Change of the specific volume of polyethylene with temperature. If it does not crystallize at the melting temperature, polyethylene will remain a supercooled liquid until it reaches its glass transition temperature. Source: Ref 9.1 More