Fig. 4.15 Fixed-volume and variable-volume elastomeric tooling methods. Source: Ref 7 More

Fig. 18 Schematic of a typical installation for high-volume batch quenching of carburized or hardened parts on trays. Directional vanes in the oil stream distribute the oil flow uniformly. Unit contains combined heating and cooling elements and provision for blanketing the surface of the oil More

Fig. 6.5 Conversion formulas for weight and volume percentages. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 17.1 Variation of heat capacity at constant volume with temperature More

Figure 6-5 Chart for estimating volume fractions developed by Nelson. (From Nelson, Ref. 17, courtesy of Dr. Riederer-Verlag, GmbH.) More

Figure 6-21 Inclusion volume fractions of nine samples of varying sulfur contents evaluated by the manual point-counting method (100 fields with a 100-point test grid at 500 × for each sample). (From Vander Voort, Ref. 61, courtesy of Plenum Press.) More

Figure 6-22 Inclusion volume fractions of nine samples of varying sulfur contents evaluated by the lineal analysis technique using a Hurlbut counter (1000 ×). (From Vander Voort, Ref. 61, courtesy of Plenum Press.) More

Figure 6-23 Inclusion volume fraction measurements of nine samples with varying sulfur contents using image analysis with 16×, 32×, and 80 × objectives. The trend line shown was plotted by using the least-squares method to fit all the data points. (From Vander Voort, Ref. 61, courtesy More

Fig. 12.9 (Part 3) (d) Variation with depth of carbon content, volume fraction of pearlite in the normalized condition, and hardness in the quenched-and-tempered condition for the decarburized 0.4% C steel shown in Fig. 12.9 (Part 1) (a) to (c) . More

Fig. 33 Effect of volume percent fraction of micronsize intermetallic particles and composition of the matrix on the fracture strain of 5 mm (0.2 in.) diam tensile specimens. A 0 is initial cross-sectional area. A f is area of fracture More

Fig. 13.13 Equilibrium austenite volume fraction for the dual-phase steel in Fig. 13.11 . The experimentally measured Ac 1 and Ac 3 are included. For 7 °C and 60 °C/s (13 °F and 110 °F/s) the transformation temperatures did not change significantly. Source: Ref 6 More

Fig. 13.15 Volume fraction of austenite formed during the treatments inside the critical zone indicated in Fig. 13.14 , as determined by quantitative metallography. Source: Ref 6 More

Fig. 14.34 Intragranular ferrite volume fraction in the samples shown in Fig. 14.33 . Each point is identified with the same letter used to identify the micrographs in Fig. 14.33 . Source: Ref 32 More

Fig. 15.10 Austenite volume fraction f γ as a function of austempering holding time. The solid line represents the values of the austenite volume fraction at 230 °C (445 °F) determined through dilatometry. The circles represent the values of the volume fraction of austenite at room More

Fig. 5.13 Reducing angular distortion (a) by reducing volume of weld metal and (b) by using single-pass deep-penetration welding. Source: Ref 5.8 , p 129 More

Fig. 8 Volume steady-state erosion rates of weld-overlay coatings at 400 °C (750 °F) as a function of average microhardness at 400 °C (90° impact angle; alumina erodent). Source: Ref 45 More

Fig. 11 High-volume commercially available clad metals More

Fig. 5.4 Relationship of pore volume to cooling rate for different hydrogen contents in Al-4.7Mg alloy (similar to alloy 514.0). Hydrogen content (cm 3 /100 g): 1, 0.31 (no grain refiner); 2, 0.31 (grain refined); 3, 0.22 (grain refined); 4, 0.18 (grain refined); 5, 0.10 (grain refined) More

Fig. 5.55 Effect of dihedral angle on the volume fraction for freestanding structural rigidity. Source: Ref 73 More

Fig. 13-8 Volume percent of primary carbides in H13 tool steel as a function of austenitizing temperature for specimens soaked at various times. Source: Ref 6 More