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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpktmse.9781627083843
EISBN: 978-1-62708-384-3
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 January 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdktmse.9781627084703
EISBN: 978-1-62708-470-3
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790175
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
..., it seems that the carbon content was rarely low enough for rustless iron. The Wilds had no saleable product, and they went bankrupt in 1930. They were apparently never heard from again. Clarence Ewing Tuttle bought the Rustless Iron Company. The Rustless Process A.L. Feild ( Fig. 15 ), working along...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 January 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdktmse.t56100001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-470-3
.... , Thermal Analysis—Theory and Applications in Metalcasting , International Journal of Metalcasting , Vol 9 (No. 1 ), 2015 , p 7 – 22 10.1007/BF03355598 4. Kapadia H.A. and Tuttle R.B. , A System for the Thermal Analysis of Steels , Transactions of the American Foundry Society , Vol...
Abstract
Phase diagrams serve as a map to the phases present in an alloy at different temperatures and compositions. They also help in assessing mechanical properties, selecting heat treat temperatures, warning of possible solidification problems, and identifying routes for creating desired microstructures. This chapter familiarizes readers with the information contained in binary phase diagrams and the methods used to extract it. It explains how thermocouple measurements are used to determine liquidus, solidus, and eutectic reaction lines, how differential scanning calorimetry shows where phase reactions occur, and how x-ray diffraction identifies the actual phases present. It demonstrates the use of tie lines for determining phase composition at different temperatures and the application of the level rule to calculate phase fractions. It also discusses the CALPHAD method and presents computed binary phase diagrams that account for the presence of inclusions, oxygen content, and secondary phases.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 January 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdktmse.t56100019
EISBN: 978-1-62708-470-3
... Diagrams Key Topics in Materials Science and Engineering Robert Tuttle httpsdoi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.pdktmse.t56100019 Appendix Copyright © 2024 ASM International® All rights reserved www.asminternational.org Phase Diagram Problems and Solutions Problem 1 For an 85 wt% zinc and aluminum-zinc alloy...
Abstract
This appendix contains sample problems with worked solutions pertaining to the use of binary phase diagrams. The problems require the determination of favorable temperatures and compositions, the amount and composition of phases in an alloy at a given temperature, the amount of a certain phase in different steels, and the microstructure developed in different alloys.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpktmse.t56010019
EISBN: 978-1-62708-384-3
... ) ) 0.0000001676 = ( 1 K + 0.0000000365 ) 0.000000131 = 1 K K = 7,630,000 N / m Mechanical Properties Key Topics in Materials Science and Engineering Robert Tuttle DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpktmse.t56010019 Appendix Copyright © 2021 ASM International® All rights reserved...
Abstract
This appendix provides readers with worked solutions to 25 problems involving calculations associated with tensile testing and the determination of mechanical properties and variables. The problems deal with engineering factors and considerations such as stress and strain, loading force, sample lengthening, and machine stiffness, and with mechanical properties and parameters such as elastic modulus, Young’s modulus, strength coefficient, strain-hardening exponent, and modulus of resilience. They also cover a wide range of materials including various grades of aluminum and steel as well as iron, titanium, brass, and copper alloys.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
... and matrix), product forms, and processes can have a major impact on the cost of the finished part. References References 1. Tuttle M.E. , Structural Analysis of Polymeric Composite Materials , Marcel Dekker, Inc. , 2004 10.1201/9780203913314 2. Niu M.C.Y. , Composite...
Abstract
This chapter covers the basic aspects of composite materials. It describes the arrangement, form, and function of their constituent materials and explains how they perform better in combination than on their own. It discusses the directional nature of isotropic, anisotropic, and orthotropic materials, the orientation of plies in unidirectional (lamina) and quasi-isotropic (laminate) lay-ups, and the dominant role of fibers in determining strength, stiffness, and other lamina properties. The chapter also compares the engineering attributes of composites with those of metals and includes application examples.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060239
EISBN: 978-1-62708-355-3
... , Vol 34 , Plenum Press , 1988 , p 199 – 208 14. Perry C.C. , Strain Gage Reinforcement Effects on Low Modulus Materials , Manual on Experimental Methods for Mechanical Testing of Composites , Pendelton R.L. and Tuttle M.E. , Ed., Society for Experimental Mechanics...
Abstract
This chapter details low-temperature test procedures and equipment. It discusses the role temperature plays in the properties of typical engineering materials. The effect that lowering the temperature of a solid has on the mechanical properties of a material is summarized for three principal groups of engineering materials: metals, ceramics, and polymers (including fiber-reinforced polymers). The chapter describes the factors that influence the selection of tensile testing procedures for low-temperature evaluation, along with a comparison of tensile and compression tests. It covers the parameters and standards related to low-temperature tensile testing. The chapter discusses the factors involved in controlling test temperature. Finally, the chapter discusses the safety issues concerning the use of cooled methanol, liquid-nitrogen, and liquid helium.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpktmse.t56010001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-384-3
.... Fruehan R.J. , The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel , 11th ed. , AISE Steel Foundation , Pittsburgh, PA , 1998 Mechanical Properties Key Topics in Materials Science and Engineering Robert Tuttle DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpktmse.t56010001 Chapter One Copyright © 2021 ASM International® All...
Abstract
Product design requires an understanding of the mechanical properties of materials, much of which is based on tensile testing. This chapter describes how tensile tests are conducted and how to extract useful information from measurement data. It begins with a review of the different types of test equipment used and how they compare in terms of loading force, displacement rate, accuracy, and allowable sample sizes. It then discusses the various ways tensile measurements are plotted and presents examples of each method. It examines a typical load-displacement curve as well as engineering and true stress-strain curves, calling attention to certain points and features and what they reveal about the test sample and, in some cases, the cause of the behavior observed. It explains, for example, why some materials exhibit discontinuous yielding while others do not, and in such cases, how to determine when yielding begins. It also explains how to determine other properties via tensile tests, including ductility, toughness, and modulus of resilience.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060407
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
Abstract
This chapter addresses some of the challenges involved in materials selection, providing context for much of the information presented in the book. It describes a typical four-step design scenario, noting material-related considerations and information needs. It explains how design decisions are complicated by the interconnected nature of material properties, design geometry, and manufacturing requirements and effects. The chapter also assesses the design impact of several materials and discusses codes, standards, and specifications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
Abstract
This chapter discusses some of the challenges associated with the analysis of composite structures. It begins with a review of lamina fundamentals and the stress-strain relationships in a single ply under various types of loads. It demonstrates the use of classical lamination theory, discusses the effects of interlaminar free-edge stresses, and explains how to predict the failure of composites using stress and strain criteria as well as the Azzi-Tsai-Hill maximum work theory and the Tsai-Wu failure criterion.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410439
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
Abstract
This chapter describes the causes of cracking, embrittlement, and low toughness in carbon and low-alloy steels and their differentiating fracture surface characteristics. It discusses the interrelated effects of composition, processing, and microstructure and contributing factors such as hot shortness associated with copper and overheating and burning as occur during forging. It addresses various types of embrittlement, including quench embrittlement, tempered-martensite embrittlement, liquid-metal-induced embrittlement, and hydrogen embrittlement, and concludes with a discussion on high-temperature hydrogen attack and its effect on strength and ductility.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sccmpe2.t55090135
EISBN: 978-1-62708-266-2
Abstract
Nickel and nickel-base alloys are specified for many applications, such as oil and gas production, power generation, and chemical processing, because of their resistance to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). Under certain conditions, however, SCC can be a concern. This chapter describes the types of environments and stress loads where nickel-base alloys are most susceptible to SCC. It begins with a review of the physical metallurgy of nickel alloys, focusing on the role of carbides and intermetallic phases. It then explains how SCC occurs in the presence of halides (such as chlorides, bromides, iodides, and fluorides), sulfur-bearing compounds (such as H2S and sulfur-oxyanions), high-temperature and supercritical water, and caustics (such as NaOH), while accounting for temperature, composition, microstructure, properties, environmental contaminants, and other factors. The chapter also discusses the effects of hydrogen embrittlement and provides information on test methods.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030247
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
Abstract
This chapter discusses the particular corrosion problems encountered and the methods of control used in petroleum production and the storage and transportation of oil and gas up to the refinery. It begins by describing those aspects of corrosion that tend to be unique to corrosion as encountered in applications involving oil and gas exploration and production. This is followed by a section reviewing the methods of corrosion control, namely the proper selection of materials, protective coatings, cathodic protection systems, use of inhibitors, use of nonmetallic materials, and control of the environment. The chapter ends with a discussion on the problems encountered and protective measures that are based on the state-of-the-art as practiced daily by corrosion and petroleum engineers and production personnel.