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tungsten carbide
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Image
Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 22.19 A coarse-grained cemented tungsten carbide (94WC-6Co). Tungsten carbide is gray; matrix is white. Original magnification: 1500 ×. Source: Ref 6
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Image
Published: 01 December 1999
Fig. 4.28 Friction temperature curves from Bowden-Leben machine. Tungsten-carbide slider onto uncarburized, case-hardened, and case-hardened and tempered 4%Ni-Cr-Mo test pieces. Source: Ref 41
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Image
in Metallographic Specimen Preparation
> Metallographer’s Guide: Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 7.13 Band-saw blades bonded with tungsten carbide particles along the cutting edge. The top blade is toothless, whereas the bottom blade is gulleted (notched) to help carry away the cutting debris.
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... Abstract This chapter describes some of the technological milestones of the early 20th century, including the invention of tungsten carbide tool steel, the use of age-hardening aluminum in the Wright Flyer , the development of a new heat treating process for aluminum alloys, and Ford’s...
Abstract
This chapter describes some of the technological milestones of the early 20th century, including the invention of tungsten carbide tool steel, the use of age-hardening aluminum in the Wright Flyer , the development of a new heat treating process for aluminum alloys, and Ford’s pioneering use of weight-saving vanadium alloys in Model T cars. It explains how interest in chromium alloys spread throughout the world, spurring the development of commercial stainless steels. The chapter concludes with a bullet point timeline of early 20th century achievements and a brief assessment of more recent innovations.
Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 10.94 Scanning electron micrograph (backscattered electron image) showing various hardface particles in the proprietary tungsten carbide based hardfacing weld overlay, HF60. The results (wt%) of semiquantative EDX analyses of various phases are summarized as: Light color phases (A, B, C
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170573
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... the hard carbide particles are bound together, or cemented, by a ductile metal binder (usually cobalt). These materials were first developed in Germany in the early 1920s in response to demands for a die material having sufficient wear resistance for drawing tungsten incandescent filament wires to replace...
Abstract
This article discusses the applications, compositions, and properties of cemented carbides and cermets. It explains how alloying elements, grain size, and binder content influence the properties and behaviors of cemented carbides. It also discusses the properties of steel-bonded carbides, or cermets, the various grades available, and the types of applications for which they are suited.
Image
Published: 01 December 2001
Fig. 4 Variation in fracture toughness ( K Ic ) with cobalt content for WC-Co alloys with different tungsten carbide grain sizes
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Image
Published: 30 September 2023
Figure 9.2: Illustration of drawing die features. (a) Terminology for a typical die for drawing round rod or wire; (b) Illustration of a tungsten-carbide nib in a steel casing [ 11 ]. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.
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Image
Published: 30 April 2020
Fig. 2.1 Scanning electron micrographs of representative powders used in binder-assisted processing. (a) Nickel. (b) Cobalt-chromium alloy. (c) Tungsten carbide. In sequence, these powders were fabricated by vapor reaction, gas atomization, and mechanical attritioning.
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300271
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
..., but the most common cermets contain carbides (titanium, tungsten, vanadium) as the hard phase. Cemented Carbides This class of materials is really cermets because it is a combination of a metal (binder phase) and a ceramic (carbide). However, this class of materials has the ceramic phase as the major...
Abstract
This chapter concerns itself with the tribology of ceramics, cermets, and cemented carbides. It begins by describing the composition and friction and wear behaviors of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and zirconia. It then compares and contrasts the microstructure, properties, and relative merits of cermets with those of cemented carbides.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240411
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... carbides. Stable alloy carbides coarsen more slowly than cementite and are therefore much more effective than cementite at higher temperatures. Therefore, carbide formers such as chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium are used along with sufficient carbon to form alloy carbides while also providing...
Abstract
There is a fairly wide variety of different tool steels for different applications. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) classification of tool steels includes seven major categories: water-hardening tool steels, shock-resisting tool steels, cold work tool steels, hot work tool steels, low-alloy special-purpose tool steels, mold tool steels, high-speed tool steels, and powder metallurgy tool steels. This chapter provides discusses the manufacturing process, composition, properties, types, and applications of these tool steels and other cutting tool materials, such as cemented carbides. It also describes the methods of applying coatings to cutting tools to improve tool life.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250073
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
... of alloys for tool steels. The chapter provides information on the research investigations into the metallurgy of high-speed tool steels at MIT, Union Carbide, and Carbon Laboratories. The major research effort involved in substituting molybdenum for tungsten in high-speed tool steels is discussed...
Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed account of the development of tool steel technology. It begins with a record of steelmaking in ancient and medieval times. The crucible melting process involved in making steel is then discussed. This is followed by a description of the increasing use of alloys for tool steels. The chapter provides information on the research investigations into the metallurgy of high-speed tool steels at MIT, Union Carbide, and Carbon Laboratories. The major research effort involved in substituting molybdenum for tungsten in high-speed tool steels is discussed. The chapter also describes the role of the Cleveland Twist Drill Company as the first adopter of molybdenum high-speed steel. It ends with a discussion on the advanced work on high-speed steels by Swedish researchers.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420289
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... from extruded aluminum electric motor housings, a deficiency in the amount of carbon in sintered tungsten-carbide cutting tools, and a problem in which components were failing where the gold lead wires were fused to aluminized transistor and integrated circuits. Heating Elements Heating elements...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of phase diagrams in alloy design, processing, and performance assessment. The examples cover both ferrous and nonferrous metals and a variety of goals and objectives. The chapter also identifies limitations and pitfalls associated with the use of phase diagrams.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170596
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
..., and molybdenum, and related oxides and carbides. copper contact alloys gold contact alloys molybdenum contact alloys palladium contact alloys platinum contact alloys silver contact alloys tungsten contact alloys Composition Introduction and Overview Electrical contacts are metallic devices...
Abstract
This article explains how alloying elements affect the properties and behaviors of electrical contacts. It describes the composition, strength, hardness, and conductivity of a wide range of contact alloys and composites based on silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium, tungsten, and molybdenum, and related oxides and carbides.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.chffa.t51040277
EISBN: 978-1-62708-300-3
... Designation (AISI) Required hardness, HRC Forward extrusion 300 2100 M2 62 to 64 285 2000 D2 60 to 62 O1 60 to 62 230 1600 S1 56 to 58 Backward extrusion 315 2200 M4 63 to 65 300 2100 M2 62 to 64 285 2000 D2 60 to 62 Tool steels and tungsten carbides...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the factors that affect die steel selection for hot forging, including material properties such as hardenability, heat and wear resistance, toughness, and resistance to plastic deformation and mechanical fatigue. It then describes the relative merits of various materials and the basic requirements for cold forging dies. The chapter also covers die manufacturing processes, such as high-speed and hard machining, electrodischarge machining, and hobbing, and the use of surface treatments.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.t56040084
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
... to affect the performance of tungsten carbide (WC) thermal spray coated components in gas turbine engines [ 2 ] and the fatigue life of HVOF sprayed WC on aluminum [ 3 ] and steel. [ 4 ] The bond strength of coatings has also been shown to be affected by residual stress. [ 5 ] How Can Residual...
Abstract
This article, prepared under the auspices of the ASM Thermal Spray Society Committees on Accepted Practices, describes a procedure for evaluating residual stresses in thermal spray coatings, which is an extension of the well-known layer removal method to include the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio properties of the thermal spray coating material and the substrate. It presents questions and answers that were selected to introduce residual stresses in thermal spray coatings. The article describes equipment and the laboratory procedure for the modified layer removal method and provides the description of the residual stress specimen. It also describes the procedures for applying or installing bonded resistance strain gages, the dimensions of the test specimen, the procedure for removing layers, and the method for interpreting the data to evaluate residual stresses. The spreadsheet program, “ MLRM for Residual Stresses ,” is available as a supplement to this document.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060273
EISBN: 978-1-62708-355-3
... GPa 10 6 psi Silicon carbide 655 95 90 13 Tungsten carbide-base cermets 650 94.3 425 61.6 Tungsten carbide 648 94 448 65 Osmium 551 80 . . . . . . Iridium 545 79 . . . . . . Titanium, zirconium, hafnium borides 503 73 490 71 Ruthenium 469 68...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sap.t53000111
EISBN: 978-1-62708-313-3
... to retain hardness at high temperatures, carbide concentration, and ease of work hardening. They are classed as having poor machinability. For precipitation-hardened alloys, the part should be machined in the annealed condition where possible. For conventional machining, tungsten carbide tools are most...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fahtsc.t51130529
EISBN: 978-1-62708-284-6
...–400 HV) HB = 0.941 HV (tungsten-carbide ball, 200–700 HV) Cemented carbides H R C = 117.35 − ( 2.43 × 10 6 H V ) 1 / 2 (900–1800 HV) H R A = 211 − ( 2.43 − 10 6 H V ) 1 / 2 1.885 (900–1800...
Abstract
This appendix is a collection of tables listing examples of published hardness conversion equations, approximate Rockwell B and C hardness conversion numbers for nonaustenitic steels, and equivalent hardness numbers for Brinell hardness numbers and Vickers (diamond pyramid) hardness numbers for steel.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060273
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... during metal cutting operations, which permitted much higher cutting speeds, feeds, and depths of cut to be used during machining. This new tungsten carbide alloy was demonstrated at the Paris Exposition of 1900 and was so effective that it virtually made every other tool steel in the world obsolete...
Abstract
Tool steels are a special class of alloys designed for tool and die applications. High-speed steels are a subset of tool steels designed to operate at high speeds. This chapter describes the composition, properties, heat treatment, and use of wrought and alloyed tool steels, high-speed steels, and their counterparts made by powder metallurgy. It includes information on the chemical composition and application range of many commercial tool steels and explains how to apply coatings that reduce friction, thermal conductivity, and wear.
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