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Book Chapter
Static and Dynamic Fracture Toughness of Metals
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mmfi.t69540169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-309-6
... Abstract This chapter discusses various types of material fracture toughness and the methods by which they are determined. It begins with a review of the basic principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics, covering the Griffith-Irwin theory of fracture, the concept of strain energy release...
Abstract
This chapter discusses various types of material fracture toughness and the methods by which they are determined. It begins with a review of the basic principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics, covering the Griffith-Irwin theory of fracture, the concept of strain energy release rate, the use of fracture indices and failure criteria, and the ramifications of crack-tip plasticity in ductile and brittle fractures. It goes on to describe the different types of plain-strain and plane-stress fracture toughness, explaining how they are measured and how they are influenced by metallurgical and environmental variables and loading conditions. It also examines the crack growth resistance curves of several aluminum alloys and describes the characteristics of fracture when all or some of the applied load is in the plane of the crack.
Book Chapter
Toughness
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.t60490021
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
... Abstract The toughness of a material is its ability to absorb energy in the form of plastic deformation without fracturing. It is thus a measure of both strength and ductility. This chapter describes the fracture and toughness characteristics of metals and their effect on component lifetime...
Abstract
The toughness of a material is its ability to absorb energy in the form of plastic deformation without fracturing. It is thus a measure of both strength and ductility. This chapter describes the fracture and toughness characteristics of metals and their effect on component lifetime and failure. It begins with a review of the ductile-to-brittle transition behavior of steel and the different ways to measure transition temperature. It then explains how to predict fracture loads using linear-elastic fracture mechanics and how toughness is affected by temperature and strain rate as well as grain size, inclusion content, and impurities. It also presents the theory and use of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics and discusses the causes, effects, and control of temper embrittlement in various types of steel.
Book Chapter
Low Toughness and Embrittlement Phenomena in Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410439
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... This chapter describes the causes of cracking, embrittlement, and low toughness in carbon and low-alloy steels and their differentiating fracture surface characteristics. It discusses the interrelated effects of composition, processing, and microstructure and contributing factors such as hot...
Abstract
This chapter describes the causes of cracking, embrittlement, and low toughness in carbon and low-alloy steels and their differentiating fracture surface characteristics. It discusses the interrelated effects of composition, processing, and microstructure and contributing factors such as hot shortness associated with copper and overheating and burning as occur during forging. It addresses various types of embrittlement, including quench embrittlement, tempered-martensite embrittlement, liquid-metal-induced embrittlement, and hydrogen embrittlement, and concludes with a discussion on high-temperature hydrogen attack and its effect on strength and ductility.
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Effect of interstitial elements on notch toughness. The notch toughness at ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2001
Fig. 17 Effect of interstitial elements on notch toughness. The notch toughness at –18 °C (0 °F) of 12% Ni maraging steel can be significantly raised by controlling the amount of interstitial alloying elements in the steel, regardless of the strength level. Numbers indicate plate thickness
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Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 3.14 Area under the stress-strain curve as a measure of toughness
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Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 7.19 Examples of specimen types used in the K Ic fracture toughness test (ASTM E 399, Ref 7.9 ). (a) Single edge-notched bend, SE(B). (b) Compact specimen, C(T).
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General comparison of Charpy V-notch toughness for a mild-carbon steel (AST...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 October 2011
Fig. 8.5 General comparison of Charpy V-notch toughness for a mild-carbon steel (ASTM A 7, now ASTM A 283, grade D), an HSLA steel, and a heat-treated constructional alloy steel
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Strength/toughness combination of 18 Ni maraging steels compared to convent...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 October 2011
Fig. 8.6 Strength/toughness combination of 18 Ni maraging steels compared to conventional high-strength carbon steels
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Dynamic fracture toughness of cast irons. (a) Ferritic matrix. (b) Pearliti...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 October 2011
Fig. 10.23 Dynamic fracture toughness of cast irons. (a) Ferritic matrix. (b) Pearlitic matrix. Source: Ref 10.12
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Influence of phosphorous level and grain size on the toughness of martensit...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 October 2011
Fig. 12.9 Influence of phosphorous level and grain size on the toughness of martensitic stainless steels. Source: Ref 12.2
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Fracture toughness as a function of strength for high-strength structural a...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 October 2011
Fig. 17.8 Fracture toughness as a function of strength for high-strength structural alloys
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Effect of quenching and tempering on the fracture toughness of plain carbon...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 2.20 Effect of quenching and tempering on the fracture toughness of plain carbon steels. Source: Adapted from Ref 2.2
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Variation of fracture toughness with yield strength for different steel gra...
Available to Purchase
in Attributes of Advanced High-Strength Steels
> Advanced-High Strength Steels: Science, Technology, and Applications
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 4.27 Variation of fracture toughness with yield strength for different steel grades. Source: Adapted from Ref 4.13
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in Overview of the Mechanisms of Failure in Heat Treated Steel Components
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 15 Variation of toughness with thickness
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Hardness and toughness of a tool steel as a function of tempering temperatu...
Available to Purchase
in Steel Failures due to Tempering and Isothermal Heat Treatment
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 15 Hardness and toughness of a tool steel as a function of tempering temperature. Charpy V-test performed at room temperature in the short-transverse direction
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Illustration of toughness loss after tempering in the embrittlement range. ...
Available to Purchase
in Steel Failures due to Tempering and Isothermal Heat Treatment
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 16 Illustration of toughness loss after tempering in the embrittlement range. Source: Ref 17
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Comparison of longitudinal Charpy V-notched impact toughness for various to...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2008
Fig. 8 Comparison of longitudinal Charpy V-notched impact toughness for various tool steel specimens taken from 89 mm square stock and tested at working hardness. Source: Ref 6
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Impact toughness and hardness as a function of tempering temperature. Retai...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2008
Fig. 28 Impact toughness and hardness as a function of tempering temperature. Retained austenite content is also shown. Notice the hash-marked area, indicated as a temper embrittlement region, where very low toughness is observed; this region coincides with the peak hardness. Source: Ref 24
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Specimen types and test configurations for pendulum impact toughness tests....
Available to Purchase
in Mechanical Testing and Properties of Plastics: An Introduction[1]
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 17 Specimen types and test configurations for pendulum impact toughness tests. (a) Charpy method. (b) Izod method
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