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Search Results for torsional deformation
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410315
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
.... It then explains how wire drawing, patenting, and the Stelmor process affect microstructure, and describes various fracture mechanisms and how they appear on steel wire fracture surfaces. The chapter concludes by discussing the effects of torsional deformation, delamination, galvanizing, and aging on patented...
Abstract
This chapter describes the mechanical properties of fully pearlitic microstructures and their suitability for wire and rail applications. It begins by describing the ever-increasing demands placed on rail steels and the manufacturing methods that have been developed in response. It then explains how wire drawing, patenting, and the Stelmor process affect microstructure, and describes various fracture mechanisms and how they appear on steel wire fracture surfaces. The chapter concludes by discussing the effects of torsional deformation, delamination, galvanizing, and aging on patented and drawn wires.
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in High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications
> Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 15.15 Examples of wire that failed by delamination (top) and by torsional deformation and transverse shear fracture (bottom). SEM micrographs. Source: Ref 15.39
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630071
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... strength is again the “weak link” when the shear stress exceeds the shear strength. Again, plastic or permanent deformation occurs, although in torsion the deformation may not be obvious unless there were longitudinal reference marks on the shaft prior to twisting ( Fig. 5 ). Even in a cylindrical part...
Abstract
In order to understand how various types of single-load fractures are caused, one must understand the forces acting on the metals and also the characteristics of the metals themselves. All fractures are caused by stresses. Stress systems are best studied by examining free-body diagrams, which are simplified models of complex stress systems. Free-body diagrams of shafts in the pure types of loading (tension, torsion, and compression) are the simplest; they then can be related to more complex types of loading. This chapter discusses the principles of these simplest loading systems in ductile and brittle metals.
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Published: 01 June 1983
Figure 1.4 Mechanical deformations with which shear modulus and torsional modulus are associated.
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Published: 01 January 1998
Fig. 8-17 Comparison of static torsion torque deformation curves for L-type steels with (left) and without (right) vanadium after tempering at three temperatures. Data from Teledyne VASCO
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270122
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... microscopes, was flat and shiny with deformation marks and dimples, typical of torsional overload, and signs of severe rubbing on the periphery. Based on their observations, investigators concluded that the quill shaft failed by torsional overload, the source of which could not be determined. quill...
Abstract
The quill shaft in an aircraft engine was found in two pieces following a flameout. One piece was short, straight, and otherwise undamaged; the other piece was bent in several places as was the sleeve that covered it. The facture surface, as viewed under optical and scanning electron microscopes, was flat and shiny with deformation marks and dimples, typical of torsional overload, and signs of severe rubbing on the periphery. Based on their observations, investigators concluded that the quill shaft failed by torsional overload, the source of which could not be determined.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270124
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... that a considerable amount of rubbing occurred after the shaft broke. SEM fractography revealed deformation marks and elongated dimples, typical of shear overloads, along with other details. Based on their analysis, investigators concluded that the cardan shaft failed under torsional overload. They also cited a need...
Abstract
A cardon shaft operating in an aircraft engine failed and was taken out and analyzed to determine the cause. A photograph of the broken shaft in the as-received condition shows the location and orientation of the fracture. The fracture surface appeared smooth, indicating that a considerable amount of rubbing occurred after the shaft broke. SEM fractography revealed deformation marks and elongated dimples, typical of shear overloads, along with other details. Based on their analysis, investigators concluded that the cardan shaft failed under torsional overload. They also cited a need for a more detailed examination of the driven end of the shaft.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270130
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... fractograph. Fig. CH28.2 Fracture surface of bolt No. 2 showing mud cracks Fig. CH28.3 Intergranular cracks seen on the fracture surface of bolt No. 4 Bolt No. 6 showed clear indication of single torsional overload failure. Twisting deformation marks at the periphery, with the final...
Abstract
An aircraft crashed following the loss of yaw control in full airborne flight. The subsequent discovery of broken shutter bolts in the rear pitch reaction control valve led to an inspection campaign that found bolt failures of a similar nature in valves on several other aircraft. The bolts were removed and analyzed to determine the mode and cause of failure. Based on the results of macroscopy, scanning electron fractography, metallographic examination, and chemical analysis, the failures were caused by stress corrosion cracking, and in one case, overtightening.
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Published: 01 August 1999
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Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 1.3 Time-dependent deformation and recovery of primary creep. (a) Schematics of various time-dependent deformation. (b) Curve of primary creep recovery for polycrystalline aluminum in torsional creep at 175 °C (347 °F). Source: Ref 1.2
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Published: 31 December 2020
Fig. 4 Change in electrical resistivity during isothermal recovery for copper deformed by torsion at 4.2 K. Source: Ref 5
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in Failure of Shutter Bolts in a Reaction Control Valve in an Aircraft
> Failure Analysis of Engineering Structures: Methodology and Case Histories
Published: 01 October 2005
Fig. CH28.4 (a) Fracture surface of bolt No. 6, showing deformation marks and central region of fracture indicative of torsional loads. (b) Shear dimples on the fracture surface of bolt No. 6
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Published: 01 December 2006
Fig. 5.63 Flow stress and workability of steels measured from the number of turns to failure in torsion tests as a function of temperature. (a) Flow stress. (b)δ. (c) Deformation capacity [ Ben 73 ]
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Published: 01 December 2006
Fig. 5.13 Flow stress of some non-age-hardening aluminum alloys as a function of the deformation temperature (maximum of the flow curve in torsion tests with φ ˙ g = 0.655 s − 1 [ Ake 70 ]
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Published: 01 December 2006
Fig. 7.120 Time-dependent wear rates from hot torsion tests for the hot working steel 1.2779 as the rotating steel heated to 550 °C and the extruded materials AlMgSi0.5, CuZn42 and CuNi30 heated to the deformation temperature [ Schi 82 ]
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Published: 01 January 1998
Fig. 13-42 Combinations of quenching temperature and tempering temperature to produce a hardness of 42 to 55 HRC in H21 steel. Torsional ductility and toughness are given by values of ultimate deformation (left size of band) and ultimate torque (right side of band). Courtesy of Teledyne VASCO
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870105
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
... section area. However, a lessthan-ideal specimen design can result in failure at the stress-strain concentration points B in the fillet. Furthermore, the stress distribution in the center of the specimen may be nonuniform, especially when large plastic deformations are involved. Thus, few of the recent...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the theories that have emerged from the widespread study of multiaxial fatigue and assesses their validity using data from different sources. It begins by providing background on the studies that the chapter draws on, pointing out differences in methodology and explaining how they influence test results and data. It then discusses the concept of critical planes and how they are used to correlate the effects of uniaxial loading with multiaxial fatigue behaviors. The section that follows covers the various methods used to analyze multiaxial fatigue and identifies one that best treats the general case. The chapter also defines two important factors, the triaxiality factor and the multiaxiality factor, and presents the results of an extensive study to determine how the two factors are related. One of the more interesting findings is that the atomic structure of a material has a significant effect on which theory best describes its fatigue behavior.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fahtsc.t51130087
EISBN: 978-1-62708-284-6
... that control elastic deformation are geometry and modulus of elasticity. These are not factors that are greatly influenced by the heat treater. Thus, the heat treater is usually not at fault in the case of sudden onset buckling of a column, sudden onset buckling of a tube in torsion, or for elastic deformation...
Abstract
This chapter reviews various ways to classify failure categories and summarizes the basic types, causes, and mechanisms of damage, with particular consideration given to whether the likelihood of the types of damage can or cannot be influenced by the heat treating of steel parts. The classical organization for types of damage (failures) is as follows: deformation, fracture, wear, corrosion or other environmental damage, and multiple or complex damage. The chapter also provides some examples of lack of conformance to specification that may at first look like the heat treater did something wrong, but where other contributing factors made it difficult or impossible for the heat treater to meet the specification.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
.... The chapter also covers compression, shear, and torsion testing, the prediction of yielding, residual stress, and hardness. compression hardness notched tensile test shear stress-strain curve tension MANY MATERIALS, both during initial fabrication and later when placed in service...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the stress-strain response of materials, how it is measured, and how it used to set performance expectations. It begins by describing the common tensile test and how it sheds light on the elastic design of structures as well as plasticity and fracture behaviors. It explains how engineering and true stress-strain curves differ, how one is used for design and the other for analyzing metal forming operations. It discusses the effect of holes, fillets, and radii on the distribution of stresses and the use of notch tensile testing to detect metallurgical embrittlement. The chapter also covers compression, shear, and torsion testing, the prediction of yielding, residual stress, and hardness.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1985
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sagf.t63420085
EISBN: 978-1-62708-452-9
... (spalling), thermal fatigue, and shaft fatigue. Tooth bending impact includes tooth shear, tooth chipping, case crushing, and torsional shear. abrasive tooth wear bending fatigue bending impact failure mode analysis gears Although this definition generally has been accepted...
Abstract
This chapter presents a detailed discussion on the three most frequent gear failure modes. These include tooth bending fatigue, tooth bending impact, and abrasive tooth wear. Tooth bending fatigue includes surface contact fatigue (pitting), rolling contact fatigue, contact fatigue (spalling), thermal fatigue, and shaft fatigue. Tooth bending impact includes tooth shear, tooth chipping, case crushing, and torsional shear.
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