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titanium-aluminide composites
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120131
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... Abstract This chapter discusses some of the promising developments in the use of titanium, including titanium aluminides, titanium matrix composites, superplastic forming, spray forming, nanotechnology, and rapid solidification rate processing. It also reports on efforts to increase...
Abstract
This chapter discusses some of the promising developments in the use of titanium, including titanium aluminides, titanium matrix composites, superplastic forming, spray forming, nanotechnology, and rapid solidification rate processing. It also reports on efforts to increase the operating temperature range of conventional titanium alloys and reduce costs.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170337
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... Abstract This article discusses the effect of alloying on the composition, structure, properties, and processing characteristics of ordered intermetallic compounds, including nickel aluminides, iron aluminides, and titanium aluminides. It includes several data tables along with a list...
Abstract
This article discusses the effect of alloying on the composition, structure, properties, and processing characteristics of ordered intermetallic compounds, including nickel aluminides, iron aluminides, and titanium aluminides. It includes several data tables along with a list of typical applications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550299
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... in air Table 6.6 Tensile properties and fracture toughness values of gamma titanium aluminides tested in air Alloy designation and composition, at. % Processing and microstructure (a) Temperature (b) Yield strength Tensile strength Elongation, % Fracture toughness (c) , K q °C °F...
Abstract
Titanium aluminides are lightweight materials that have relatively high melting points and good high-temperature strength. They also tend to be stronger and lighter than conventional titanium alloys, but considerably less ductile. This chapter begins with a review of the titanium-aluminum phase diagram, focusing on the properties, compositions, and microstructures of alpha-2 Ti3Al alloys. It then describes the properties, microstructures, and compositions of orthorhombic, gamma, and near-gamma alloys as well as the processing methods and procedures normally used in their production.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mmfi.t69540415
EISBN: 978-1-62708-309-6
... Abstract This appendix provides tensile property and fracture toughness data for titanium aluminides developed for aerospace applications. plane-strain fracture toughness tensile properties titanium aluminides LIMITED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DATA for several selected titanium...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... at temperatures to about 538 °C to 595 °C (1000 °F to 1100 °F), dependent on composition. Some alloy systems (titanium aluminides) may have useful strengths above this temperature. The cost of titanium, while approximately four times that of stainless steel, is comparable to that of superalloys. Titanium...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120345
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... and Titanium Alloys ,” Technical Paper MF71-139 , Society of Tool and Manufacturing Engineers , Dearborn, MI , 1971 • MacKay R.A. et al. , Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Titanium Aluminide Composites , J. Met. , Vol 43 ( No. 5 ), 1991 , p 24 – 29 10.1007/BF03220564 • Magnuson J...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240563
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... or as precipitation-hardened alloys for higher-temperature use. When the most highly alloyed compositions are cast, they can be used to the highest homologous temperature ( T / T m ) of any common alloy system. Many nickel-base superalloys contain 10 to 20 wt% Cr, a combined aluminum and titanium content up to 8...
Abstract
Superalloys are nickel, iron-nickel, and cobalt-base alloys designed for high-temperature applications, generally above 540 deg C. This chapter covers the metallurgy, composition, and properties of cast and wrought superalloys. It provides information on melting, heat treating, and secondary fabrication processes. It also covers coating technology, including aluminide diffusion and overlay coatings, and addresses the advantages and disadvantages of superalloys in various applications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480113
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
... titanium alloys beta titanium alloys mechanical properties metal-matrix composites shape memory alloys titanium aluminides IN THIS CHAPTER, the effects of titanium characteristics are discussed as they relate to mechanical properties. Briefly, alloy composition establishes the alloy types...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the factors that govern the mechanical properties of titanium, beginning with the morphology of the alpha phase. It explains that the shape of the alpha phase has a significant effect on many properties, including hardness, tensile strength, toughness, and ductility as well as creep, fatigue strength, and fatigue crack growth rate. It also discusses the influence of other titanium phases and the properties of titanium-based intermetallic compounds, metal-matrix composites, and shape-memory alloys.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
.... With the advent of the 20th century, improved lightweight materials such as aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium, titanium aluminides, engineering plastics, structural ceramics, and composites with polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices began to appear. Aluminum Before the Hall-Héroult process...
Abstract
Engineers have many materials to choose from when dealing with weight-related design constraints. The list includes aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, and titanium alloys as well as engineering plastics, structural ceramics, and polymer-, metal-, and ceramic-matrix composites. This chapter provides a brief overview of these lightweight materials, discussing their primary advantages along with their properties, behaviors, and limitations.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240607
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... an extremely reactive metal, can absorb oxygen from the atmosphere, potentially leading to embrittlement problems. This method has been evaluated primarily for titanium aluminide-matrix composites since it is difficult to roll these materials into thin foil. 33.3.3 TMC Consolidation Procedures The two...
Abstract
Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) work at higher temperatures than their base metal counterparts and can be engineered for improved strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity, abrasion and/or creep resistance, and dimensional stability. This chapter examines the properties, compositions, and performance-cost tradeoffs of common MMCs, including aluminum-matrix composites, titanium-matrix composites, and fiber-metal laminates. It also explains how fiber-reinforced composites and laminates are made, describing both continuous and discontinuous fiber matrix production processes.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120005
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... to 1100 °F), dependent on composition. Titanium aluminide alloys show promise for applications at temperatures up to 760 °C (1400 °F). Physical and mechanical properties of elemental titanium Table 2.1 Physical and mechanical properties of elemental titanium Property Description or value...
Abstract
Titanium is a lightweight metal with a density approximately 60% that of steel and, through alloying and deformation processing, it can be just as strong. It is readily available in many grades and forms and can be further processed using standard methods and techniques. This chapter provides a concise review of the capabilities of titanium and its design advantages over other materials. It includes information on properties and selection factors as well as applications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870537
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
... and slurry casting, liquid metal infiltration, spray deposition, powder metallurgy, extrusion, hot rolling, and forging. The chapter also provides information on continuous-fiber aluminum and titanium composites as well as particle-reinforced titanium and fiber metal (glass aluminum) laminates...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of metal matrix composites and the methods used to produce them. It begins with a review of the composition and properties of aluminum matrix composites. It then describes discontinuous composite processing methods, including stir and slurry casting, liquid metal infiltration, spray deposition, powder metallurgy, extrusion, hot rolling, and forging. The chapter also provides information on continuous-fiber aluminum and titanium composites as well as particle-reinforced titanium and fiber metal (glass aluminum) laminates.
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230207
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
... that has been followed for joining titanium aluminide is to apply a composite mixture of the aluminide and copper powder (with particle sizes less than 44 μm, or 1.7 mils, and 53 μm, or 2.1 mils, respectively), in the form of a slurry to the joint [ Gale et al. 2002 ]. The components of titanium aluminide...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.stg2.t61280287
EISBN: 978-1-62708-267-9
... be controlled by specification in a nickel-chromium-aluminum superalloy. Furthermore, titanium is present as a hardener (in addition to aluminum), and carbon is also present. The complex interplay among alloy elements has been noted previously. It is not surprising then, that few complex superalloys have ever...
Abstract
Superalloys tend to operate in environments where they are subjected to high-temperature corrosion, oxidation, and the erosive effects of hot gases. This chapter discusses the nature of these attacks and the effectiveness of various protection methods. It describes the primary forms of oxidation, the development of protective oxides, and the conditions associated with mixed gas corrosion and hot corrosion attack. It discusses oxidation and corrosion testing, the equipment used, and various ways to present the associated data. It describes the effect of gaseous oxidation on different alloys, discusses the formation of oxide scale in the presence of mixed gases, and explains how alloy composition contributes to oxide growth. The chapter discusses the underlying chemistry of hot corrosion, how to identify its effects, and how it progresses under various conditions. It also discusses protective coatings, including aluminide diffusion, overlay, and thermal barrier types, and how they perform in different environments based on their ability to tolerate strain.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480051
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
... titanium aluminides (Ti 3 Al, TiAl, and TiAl 3 ) are of significance. In this chapter, the titanium alloy systems are described along with the alloying mechanisms involved and the characteristics and properties that can be developed. Atomic Structure of Titanium The characteristics of metals...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the basic principles of alloying and their practical application in the production of titanium mill products and engineered parts. It begins with a review of the atomic and crystal structure of titanium and the conditions for interstitial and substitutional alloying. It then describes the different classes of alloying elements, their effect on mechanical properties and behaviors, and their influence on phase transitions and transformations. The chapter also discusses the role of intermetallic compounds and their effect on crystal structure and creep behavior.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... and stiffness, among other properties, in preferred directions and locations. This chapter discusses the processes and procedures used in the production of fiber-reinforced aluminum and titanium metal-matrix composites. It explains how the length and orientation of reinforcing fibers affect the properties...
Abstract
Metal-matrix composites can operate at higher temperatures than their base metal counterparts and, unlike polymer-matrix composites, are nonflammable, do not outgas in a vacuum, and resist attack by solvents and fuels. They can also be tailored to provide greater strength and stiffness, among other properties, in preferred directions and locations. This chapter discusses the processes and procedures used in the production of fiber-reinforced aluminum and titanium metal-matrix composites. It explains how the length and orientation of reinforcing fibers affect the properties and processing characteristics of both aluminum and titanium composites. It also provides information on fiber-metal laminates and the use of different matrix metals and reinforcing materials.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
... by hydrogenating in a sodium hydride bath at 400 °C (750 °F) for 4 h. Etchant: 10%HF-25%HNO 3 , 45%glycerine-20%H 2 O. Original magnification: 500× Matrix In titanium alloys, either the alpha or the beta phase can be the matrix, depending on alloy composition and thermal treatment. The matrix...
Abstract
The practical application of metals and alloys is guided largely by information obtained through the study of their microstructure. This chapter examines a wide range of titanium microstructures, identifying characteristic features and explaining what they reveal about processing, properties, and performance. It includes images of elongated and equiaxed structures, primary alpha, transformed beta, and metastable phases as well as spheroidal and intergranular beta, alpha case, and intermetallic compounds. It also defines important terms and provides step-by-step procedures for preparing titanium for metallographic analysis.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120139
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... when ignited. Available in wrought and powder form Titanium advanced materials Table A.5 Titanium advanced materials Alloy, UNS number, common names General description Applications Alpha-2 (Ti 3 Al) aluminide alloys, UNS: none, Ti 3 Al alloys or α-2 alloys, α 2 alloys Ti 3 Al...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550621
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
..., and titanium aluminide), engineering plastics, structural ceramics, and composites (polymer, metal, and ceramic matrix). The following sections give some general guidelines for selecting these materials. Five lightweight metal alloys were covered in this book: aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, titanium...
Abstract
This chapter consists of three parts. The first part provides data and guidelines for selecting materials and processing routes. It compares the basic properties of metals, ceramics, and polymers, identifies important measures of performance, and discusses manufacturing processes and their compatibility with specific materials. The chapter then presents general guidelines for selecting lightweight materials, and concludes with a review of lightweight metals, plastics, and composites used in automotive applications.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480095
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
... that influence the results. The predominant mode of plastic deformation in titanium is slip. The most common crystallographic slip planes in hexagonal (alpha) titanium are basal, prismatic, and pyramidal. The planes involved during deformation depend on alloy composition, temperature, grain size, and crystal...
Abstract
Titanium, like other metals, can be shaped, formed, and strengthened through deformation processes. This chapter describes the structural changes that occur in titanium during deformation and how they can be controlled. It discusses the role of slip, dislocations, and twinning, the effect of grain size and crystal orientation, the concept of texture strengthening, and the principles of strain hardening and superplasticity. It also discusses the effect of annealing and the difference between recrystallization and neocrystallization processes.