Fig. 3.25 The traditional thermogravimetric analysis test relies on balance arms extending out of the hot zone to independently measure mass for the reference standard and test sample simultaneously. More

Fig. 3.27 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for the burnout of polyvinyl alcohol in air and in nitrogen. The initial release is adsorbed water up to 200 °C (390 °F), followed by polymer breakdown and evaporation. Air gives earlier breakdown and more complete pyrolysis, while nitrogen processing More

Fig. 3.28 Thermogravimetric analysis of polyvinyl butyral binder in two atmospheres. The heating in nitrogen does not contribute oxygen, resulting in retention of approximately 4% carbon (graphite) residue, but the oxygen found in air allows for full binder burnout. Source: Shih et al. ( Ref 7 ) More

Fig. 7.17 Thermogravimetric analysis for binder extraction during heating at 5 °C/min (9 °F/min) in nitrogen to compare the burnout of pure binder versus the combination of powder and binder. Source: Li et al. ( Ref 6 ) More

Fig. 28 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of reinforced nylon 6/6; 40 °C/min (70 °F/min) in air More

Fig. 29 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of reinforced nylon; 80 °C/min (145 °F/min) in air More

Fig. 30 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of acetal/fluorocarbon blend; 40 °C/min (70 °F/min) in air More

Fig. 11 Typical thermogravimetric analysis curve for fiberglass-vinyl ester prepreg More

Fig. 12 Thermogravimetric analysis of encapsulating materials, 20 to 30 mg (0.3 to 0.5 gr), 10°C/min (18 °F/min), air at 40 mL/min. Courtesy of Motorola Semiconductor Products Division More

Fig. 13 Relative thermal stability of polymers by thermogravimetric analysis; 10 mg (0.15 gr) at 5 °C/min (9 °F/min) in nitrogen. PVC, polyvinyl chloride; PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate; HPPE, high-pressure polyethylene; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene; PI, polyimide More

Fig. 14 Thermogravimetric analysis of silica and carbon-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); 10 mg (0.15 gr) at 5 °C/min (9 °F/min). Source: Ref 55 More

Fig. 15 Thermogravimetric analysis tracing of postcured Ethacure 300/6-FDA (hexafluoropropane dianhydride) at 10 °C/min (18 °F/min) in nitrogen More

Fig. 16 Thermogravimetric analysis tracing of postcured Ethacure 300/PMDA (pyromellitic dianhydride) at 10 °C/min (18 °F/min) in nitrogen More

Fig. 31 Relative thermal stability of polymers by thermogravimetric analysis; 10 mg (0.15 gr) at 5 °C/min (9 °F/min), in nitrogen; HDPE, high-density polyethylene More

Fig. 32 Thermogravimetric analysis of silica- and carbon-filled PTFE; 10 mg (0.15 gr) at 5 °C/min (9 °F/min). Source: Ref 23 More

Fig. 33 Thermogravimetric analysis of polyvinyl chloride, 21.41 mg (0.33 gr), 20 °C/min (36 °F/min), to 950 °C (1740 °F), in nitrogen More

Fig. 34 Thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of polyvinyl chloride More

Fig. 8 Thermogravimetric analysis thermogram showing the weight-loss profile for a typical plastic resin More

Fig. 9 Thermogravimetric analysis thermogram representing a typical semicrystalline plastic resin More

Fig. 10 Thermogravimetric analysis thermogram representing a typical amorphous plastic resin More