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thermal fatigue cracking
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Image
Published: 01 September 2005
Fig. 28 Thermal fatigue cracking of a spur gear. (a) Radial cracking due to frictional heat against the thrust face. Original magnification at 0.4×. (b) Progression of thermal fatigue produced by the frictional heat. Original magnification at 1.5×
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Image
Published: 01 March 2002
Image
Published: 30 November 2013
Fig. 8 Thermal-fatigue crack in the hardfacing alloy on an exhaust valve from a heavy-duty gasoline engine (~2.5×). Advanced burning originated from the large crack. Additional thermal-fatigue cracks are also present on the valve face. Engine efficiency rapidly deteriorates from increasing
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Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 10.57 Appearance of thermal fatigue cracks occurred on a carbon steel waterwall tube (viewed from 12 o’clock crown position) due to water spraying from waterlances. Source: Ref 40
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Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 10.58 Optical micrograph showing circumferential thermal fatigue cracks that developed on a carbon steel waterwall tube (shown in Fig. 10.57 ) due to water spraying from waterlances. Source: Ref 40
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Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 16.13 Thermal fatigue crack produced in the hardfacing alloy on an exhaust valve from a heavy-duty gasoline engine
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in Life-Assessment Techniques for Combustion Turbines
> Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High-Temperature Components
Published: 01 December 1989
Fig. 9.30. Initiation of thermal-fatigue cracks in the interdiffusional zone (a) and the coating (b) of a Udimet 720 blade coated with aluminide (RT-22) ( Ref 56 ; courtesy of V.P. Swaminathan, South West Research institute, San Antonio, TX).
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Image
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 14.18 Thermal-mechanical fatigue cracking on internal surface of a nickel-base superalloy forward liner of a gas turbine combustor. Note: One crack extends from a keyhole slot (right), while another can be seen in the area adjacent to an airhole (left). 1.5×
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Image
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 14.19 Low-cycle fatigue cracking induced by thermal strains in the rivet slot of a nickel-base superalloy disk
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080259
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
..., intended to reduce NOx emissions, accelerates tube wall wastage. It also covers circumferential cracking in furnace waterwalls, thermal fatigue cracking induced by waterlances and water cannons, superheater-reheater corrosion, and erosion in fluidized-bed boilers. coal-fired boilers combustion...
Abstract
This chapter discusses material-related problems associated with coal-fired burners. It explains how high temperatures affect heat-absorbing surfaces in furnace combustion areas and in the convection pass of superheaters and reheaters. It describes how low-NOx combustion technology, intended to reduce NOx emissions, accelerates tube wall wastage. It also covers circumferential cracking in furnace waterwalls, thermal fatigue cracking induced by waterlances and water cannons, superheater-reheater corrosion, and erosion in fluidized-bed boilers.
Image
Published: 01 September 2008
amount of thermal fatigue cracking is observed. “C” is a region not affected by process heat and used as a reference. (d) Thermal cracks of region “B”, under scanning electron microscopy. Courtesy of Villares Metals
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Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 10.59 (a) Scanning electron micrograph (backscattered electron image) showing a circumferential thermal fatigue crack (from the sample shown in Fig. 10.57 ) along with (b) an EDX spectrum showing the corrosion product inside the crack to be essentially iron oxides. Source: Ref 40
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Image
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 10.60 Alloy 622 overlay (dye penetrant tested) after 4 years of service involving the use of waterlances for deslagging. The overlay was applied onto the carbon steel waterwall after thermal fatigue cracks caused by waterlances were ground off. The dye penetrant testing showed no cracking
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
.... Cracking of the tube ends is a characteristic feature of thermal fatigue. Thermal fatigue damage typically exhibits numerous cracks and crazing. Damage due to thermal fatigue can be of the low-cycle or high-cycle type ( Ref 6.1 ). Drastic change in temperature causing thermal shock or a large...
Abstract
Boiler tubes subjected to cyclic or fluctuating loads over extended periods of time are prone to fatigue failure. Fatigue can occur at relatively low stresses and is implicated in almost 80% of the tube failures in firetube boilers. This chapter covers the most common forms of boiler tube fatigue, including mechanical or vibrational fatigue, corrosion fatigue, thermal fatigue, and creep-fatigue interaction. It discusses the causes, characteristics, and impacts of each type and provides several case studies.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630237
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... or its absence and the patterns on the fracture surface. Thermal Fatigue Fatigue may be caused either by cyclic mechanical stressing or by cyclic thermal stressing. Thermal-fatigue cracks are the result of repeated heating and cooling cycles, producing alternate expansion and contraction. When...
Abstract
Elevated-temperature failures are the most complex type of failure because all of the modes of failures can occur at elevated temperatures (with the obvious exception of low-temperature brittle fracture). Elevated-temperature problems are real concerns in industrial applications. The principal types of elevated-temperature failure mechanisms discussed in this chapter are creep, stress rupture, overheating failure, elevated-temperature fatigue, thermal fatigue, metallurgical instabilities, and environmentally induced failure. The causes, features, and effects of these failures are discussed. The cooling techniques for preventing elevated-temperature failures are also covered.
Image
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 3 Thermal fatigue failure and conventional fatigue crack propagation fracture during reversed load cycling of acetal. Source: Ref 10
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdmht.t52060231
EISBN: 978-1-62708-343-0
...-concentration factor for initiating thermal low-cycle fatigue cracks Fig. 10.12 Injector nozzle element in a fuel preburner assembly showing location of the initiation and propagation of high-cycle fatigue cracks at the critical radius (point A ) Fig. 10.13 Near-term fix to prevent...
Abstract
This chapter explains how the authors assessed the potential risks of creep-fatigue in several aerospace applications using the tools and techniques presented in earlier chapters. It begins by identifying the fatigue regimes encountered in the main engines of the Space Shuttle. It then describes the types of damage observed in engine components and the methods used to mitigate problems. It also discusses the results of analyses that led to changes in design or approach and examines fatigue-related issues in turbine engines used in commercial aircraft.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060385
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... is the sole source of thermal fatigue. On cooling, residual tensile stresses are produced if the metal is prevented from moving (contracting) freely. Fatigue cracks can initiate and grow as cycling continues. These types of failures can be experienced in electronic solder joints, for example. An example...
Abstract
Durability is a generic term used to describe the performance of a material or a component made from that material in a given application. In order to be durable, a material must resist failure by wear, corrosion, fracture, fatigue, deformation, and exposure to a range of service temperatures. This chapter covers several types of component and material failure associated with wear, temperature effects, and crack growth. It examines temperature-induced, brittle, ductile, and fatigue failures as well as failures due to abrasive, erosive, adhesive, and fretting wear and cavitation fatigue. It also discusses preventative measures.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.t60490111
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
... overview of the damage mechanisms associated with high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue as well as thermal fatigue, creep-fatigue, and fatigue-crack growth. It also demonstrates the use of tools and techniques that have been developed to quantify fatigue-related damage and its effect on the remaining life...
Abstract
This chapter describes the phenomenological aspects of fatigue and how to assess its effect on the life of components operating in high-temperature environments. It explains how fatigue is measured and expressed and how it is affected by loading conditions (stress cycles, amplitude, and frequency) and factors such as temperature, material defects, component geometry, and processing history. It provides a detailed overview of the damage mechanisms associated with high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue as well as thermal fatigue, creep-fatigue, and fatigue-crack growth. It also demonstrates the use of tools and techniques that have been developed to quantify fatigue-related damage and its effect on the remaining life of components.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... are often performed to predict when the next internal or external inspection should be performed. Typical life-limiting mechanisms include stress-corrosion cracking, fatigue, and thermal fatigue. Welded structures that could initiate a crack are often susceptible to these mechanisms. The leak-before-break...
Abstract
This chapter provides a brief review of industry’s battle with fatigue and fracture and what has been learned about the underlying failure mechanisms and their effect on product lifetime and service. It recounts some of the tragic events that led to the discovery of fatigue and brittle fracture and explains how they reshaped design philosophies, procedures, and tools. It also discusses the influence of material and manufacturing defects, operating conditions, stress concentration and intensity, temperature and pressure, and cyclic loading, all of which play a role in the onset of fatigue cracking and thus should be considered when predicting useful product life.
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