Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
Search Results for
thermal fatigue cracking
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 of 474 Search Results for
thermal fatigue cracking
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
Sort by
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080259
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
... thermal fatige cracking on a carbon steel waterwall tube due to water spraying from water cannons. The tube OD (fireside) is on the left side of the micrograph and the ID (water/steam side) is on the right side. Courtesy of Welding Services Inc. Fig. 10.57 Appearance of thermal fatigue cracks...
Abstract
This chapter discusses material-related problems associated with coal-fired burners. It explains how high temperatures affect heat-absorbing surfaces in furnace combustion areas and in the convection pass of superheaters and reheaters. It describes how low-NOx combustion technology, intended to reduce NOx emissions, accelerates tube wall wastage. It also covers circumferential cracking in furnace waterwalls, thermal fatigue cracking induced by waterlances and water cannons, superheater-reheater corrosion, and erosion in fluidized-bed boilers.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.t60490111
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
..., amplitude, and frequency) and factors such as temperature, material defects, component geometry, and processing history. It provides a detailed overview of the damage mechanisms associated with high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue as well as thermal fatigue, creep-fatigue, and fatigue-crack growth. It also...
Abstract
This chapter describes the phenomenological aspects of fatigue and how to assess its effect on the life of components operating in high-temperature environments. It explains how fatigue is measured and expressed and how it is affected by loading conditions (stress cycles, amplitude, and frequency) and factors such as temperature, material defects, component geometry, and processing history. It provides a detailed overview of the damage mechanisms associated with high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue as well as thermal fatigue, creep-fatigue, and fatigue-crack growth. It also demonstrates the use of tools and techniques that have been developed to quantify fatigue-related damage and its effect on the remaining life of components.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630237
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... of lateral bending under the reaction force imposed by escaping steam. The tube was a 2-½ in. outside diameter, 0.250 in. wall boiler tube made of 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel (ASME SA-213). Source: Ref 2 Fig. 8 Thermal-fatigue crack in the hardfacing alloy on an exhaust valve from a heavy-duty gasoline...
Abstract
Elevated-temperature failures are the most complex type of failure because all of the modes of failures can occur at elevated temperatures (with the obvious exception of low-temperature brittle fracture). Elevated-temperature problems are real concerns in industrial applications. The principal types of elevated-temperature failure mechanisms discussed in this chapter are creep, stress rupture, overheating failure, elevated-temperature fatigue, thermal fatigue, metallurgical instabilities, and environmentally induced failure. The causes, features, and effects of these failures are discussed. The cooling techniques for preventing elevated-temperature failures are also covered.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240243
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... of the ceramic coating and the underlying nickel blade result in cracking and spalling of the coating. Another example of thermal fatigue occurs in electronics. Heat generated during operation of electronic devices can cause fatigue of the soldered joints. The tendency for thermal fatigue has been related...
Abstract
Fatigue failures occur due to the application of fluctuating stresses that are much lower than the stress required to cause failure during a single application of stress. This chapter describes three basic factors that cause fatigue: a maximum tensile stress of sufficiently high value, a large enough variation or fluctuation in the applied stress, and a sufficiently large number of cycles of the applied stress. The discussion covers high-cycle fatigue, low-cycle fatigue, and fatigue crack propagation. The chapter then discusses the stages where fatigue crack nucleation and growth occurs. It describes the most effective methods of improving fatigue life. The chapter also explains the effect of geometrical stress concentrations on fatigue. In addition, it explores the environmental effects of corrosion fatigue, low-temperature fatigue, high-temperature fatigue, and thermal fatigue. Finally, the chapter discusses a number of design philosophies or methodologies to deal with design against fatigue failures.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780249
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
...Abstract Abstract This article is a detailed account of the mechanisms of fatigue failure of polymers, namely thermal fatigue failure and mechanical fatigue failure. The mechanical fatigue failure is discussed in terms of fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack propagation. thermal...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... microstructure having network of cracks filled with oxide scales (c) 400×, (d) 400× Fig. 6.139 (a) SEM image of fracture surface indicating fatigue striations with oxidized nature of rupture surface, 1000×. (b) Microstructure of a tube with ferrite and bainite as the phases with typical thermal faigue...
Abstract
Boiler tubes subjected to cyclic or fluctuating loads over extended periods of time are prone to fatigue failure. Fatigue can occur at relatively low stresses and is implicated in almost 80% of the tube failures in firetube boilers. This chapter covers the most common forms of boiler tube fatigue, including mechanical or vibrational fatigue, corrosion fatigue, thermal fatigue, and creep-fatigue interaction. It discusses the causes, characteristics, and impacts of each type and provides several case studies.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdmht.t52060231
EISBN: 978-1-62708-343-0
... place? Was this a case of mechanical fatigue, environmentally assisted fatigue, thermal fatigue, brittle fracturing, stress-corrosion cracking, improper machining and fabrication processes, or improper alloy chemistry or heat treatment? What had been the mission loading history of the disk prior...
Abstract
This chapter explains how the authors assessed the potential risks of creep-fatigue in several aerospace applications using the tools and techniques presented in earlier chapters. It begins by identifying the fatigue regimes encountered in the main engines of the Space Shuttle. It then describes the types of damage observed in engine components and the methods used to mitigate problems. It also discusses the results of analyses that led to changes in design or approach and examines fatigue-related issues in turbine engines used in commercial aircraft.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.jub.t53290099
EISBN: 978-1-62708-306-5
... alloys. The following section provides information on the residual stresses and distortion that remain after welding. The focus then shifts to distortion control of weldments. Inclusions and cracking are discussed in detail. The chapter also discusses the causes for reduced fatigue strength...
Abstract
During fusion welding, the thermal cycles produced by the moving heat source causes physical state changes, metallurgical phase transformations, and transient thermal stresses and metal movement. This chapter begins by discussing weld metal solidification behavior and the solid-state transformations of the main classes of metals and alloys during fusion welding. The main classes include work- or strain-hardened metals and alloys, precipitation-hardened alloys, transformation-hardened steels and cast irons, stainless steels, and solid-solution and dispersion-hardened alloys. The following section provides information on the residual stresses and distortion that remain after welding. The focus then shifts to distortion control of weldments. Inclusions and cracking are discussed in detail. The chapter also discusses the causes for reduced fatigue strength of a component by a weld: stress concentration due to weld shape and joint geometry; stress concentration due to weld imperfections; and residual welding stresses. Inspection and characterization of welds are described in the final section of this chapter.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060385
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
...-element bearings. (a) Fatigue spall centered on a ball bearing raceway. (b) Fatigue spall on 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) diameter steel ball obtained using rolling four-ball machine. Source: Ref 16.3 Fig. 16.11 Subsurface crack observations during delamination failure of thermal spray WC-Co coating...
Abstract
Durability is a generic term used to describe the performance of a material or a component made from that material in a given application. In order to be durable, a material must resist failure by wear, corrosion, fracture, fatigue, deformation, and exposure to a range of service temperatures. This chapter covers several types of component and material failure associated with wear, temperature effects, and crack growth. It examines temperature-induced, brittle, ductile, and fatigue failures as well as failures due to abrasive, erosive, adhesive, and fretting wear and cavitation fatigue. It also discusses preventative measures.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080359
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
... port openings and (b) alternative materials. Superheater corrosion is also included in the discussion. To determine whether thermal fatigue was a possible cause of floor tube cracking, floor tube metal temperature was measured in a boiler at the Weyerhaeuser mill in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan...
Abstract
Black liquor recovery boilers are an integral part of the kraft pulping process used in paper mills. Besides recovering chemicals for reuse, they also produce process steam. High operating temperatures and exposure to process chemicals and combustion byproducts make recovery boilers susceptible to corrosion. This chapter describes some of the problems that the pulp and paper industry has solved as well as ongoing issues and concerns. It includes an in-depth review of 304L cladding failures involving coextruded composite tubes used as floor tunes in the lower furnace, as superheater tubes, and for other purposes such as smelt openings. It provides detailed images showing cracks on the outer surfaces of the tubes and explains where the tubes were used and how they were operated.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.stg2.t61280323
EISBN: 978-1-62708-267-9
... be classified as creep rupture, fatigue (low or high cycle—LCF or HCF), thermal-mechanical fatigue (TMF), tensile overload modified by environmental interactions, crack growth (from a new crack or an existing imperfection), or combinations thereof. By examination of fracture surfaces and comparison of component...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the failure of superalloy components in high-temperature applications where they are subject to the effects of microstructural changes, melting, and corrosion. It explains how overheating can deplete alloying elements and alter the composition and distribution of phases, and how these processes contribute to microstructural changes as a function of time, temperature, and applied stress. It also describes several failure examples and discusses related issues, including damage recovery, refurbishment, and repair.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... failures are not catastrophic, they are costly and can affect plant operations. Therefore, analyses are often performed to predict when the next internal or external inspection should be performed. Typical life-limiting mechanisms include stress-corrosion cracking, fatigue, and thermal fatigue. Welded...
Abstract
This chapter provides a brief review of industry’s battle with fatigue and fracture and what has been learned about the underlying failure mechanisms and their effect on product lifetime and service. It recounts some of the tragic events that led to the discovery of fatigue and brittle fracture and explains how they reshaped design philosophies, procedures, and tools. It also discusses the influence of material and manufacturing defects, operating conditions, stress concentration and intensity, temperature and pressure, and cyclic loading, all of which play a role in the onset of fatigue cracking and thus should be considered when predicting useful product life.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.t60490415
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
... being extended to include vacuum brazing to fill minor thermal-fatigue and corrosion-related cracks. Turbine Blades Typical turbine blades (buckets) are shown in Fig. 9.5 and 9.6 . The blades represent the most difficult materials application in the combustion turbine, with exposure to high...
Abstract
Combustion turbines consist of a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine. As commonly configured, the compressor and turbine mount on a single shaft that connects directly to a generator. This chapter reviews the materials of construction, damage mechanisms, and life-assessment techniques for nozzles and buckets. It also presents key information from a detailed review of the literature and the results of a survey on combustion-turbine material problems.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
... after 20 cycles; all were cracked after 40 cycles. The seven specimens of directionally solidified material ([001] orientation) showed no cracking even after 100 cycles, when the test was discontinued. Fig. 11.15 Thermal fatigue performance of conventionally cast and directionally solidified [001...
Abstract
This chapter is largely a compendium of best practices and procedures for minimizing the effects of fatigue. It explains how to make products more resistant to fatigue by choosing the right materials and manufacturing processes, avoiding geometries and features that concentrate strains, preventing or removing surface damage, and by inducing compressive mean stresses that prolong fatigue life. It also discusses the use of property conditioning and restoration treatments, the benefits of interference fits and processes such as coaxing, the effects of assembly damage and operating overload, the importance of surface cleanliness and finish, and the role of inspection, testing, replacement, and repair in safe-life and fail-safe designs. Examples highlighting the benefits and potential pitfalls of proof loading tests are included as well.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630117
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... under Compression Forces Thermal Fatigue Corrosion Fatigue Bolt Fatigue Fatigue in Riveted Thin-Wall Pressure Vessels Identification of the Tip of the Fatigue Crack Expansion from the Fatigue Origin(s) Similarity of Appearance Absence from Certain Fracture Surfaces Confusion...
Abstract
Fatigue fractures are generally considered the most serious type of fracture in machinery parts simply because fatigue fractures can and do occur in normal service, without excessive overloads, and under normal operating conditions. This chapter first discusses the three stages (initiation, propagation, and final rupture) of fatigue fracture followed by a discussion of its microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. The relationship between stress and strength in fatigue is explained. The next section provides information that may help the uninitiated to appreciate some of the problems of laboratory fatigue testing and of the fatigue process itself. Finally, information on types and statistical aspects of fatigue is provided along with examples.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.htcma.t52080379
EISBN: 978-1-62708-304-1
... easily understood from the operating standpoint. When both stress magnitudes (or strain magnitudes) and frequencies are high enough, the metal can eventually fail by thermal fatigue cracking. The morphology of thermal fatigue cracking is generally very well defined and easily identified. The subject...
Abstract
This chapter discusses two damage mechanisms in which stress plays a major role. In the one case, stress causes cracks in the oxide scale on metals, leading to preferential corrosion attack. An example from industry of this type of failure is the circumferential cracking that occurs on the waterwall tubes of supercritical coal-fired boilers fired under low NOx combustion conditions, conducive to the production of sulfidizing environments. In the other case, stress contributes to brittle fracture in the form of intergranular cracking. The phenomenon, which is known by various names, typically occurs at the lower end of the intermediate temperature range and has been observed in ferritic steels, stainless steels, Fe-Ni-Cr alloys, and nickel-base alloys, as described in the chapter.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ts5.t65900219
EISBN: 978-1-62708-358-4
... H13 0.40 1.00 5.00 1.20 ... 1.00 ... ... ... Heat Checking and Thermal Fatigue of H11/H13 Tool Steels A network of fine cracks, referred to as heat checking, develops in the widely used chromium hot-work steels during exposure to repeated fluctuations in temperature and stress...
Abstract
Steels for hot-work applications, designated as group H steels in the AISI classification system, have the capacity to resist softening during long or repeated exposures to high temperatures needed to hot work or die cast other materials. These steels are subdivided into three classes according to the alloying approach: chromium hot-work steels, tungsten hot-work steels, and molybdenum hot-work steels. This chapter discusses the composition, characteristics, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of each of these steels.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.dmlahtc.t60490265
EISBN: 978-1-62708-340-9
... modified Blade-groove-wall cracking Poor creep ductility Retire; machine cracks and use lighter blades; steam cool Heat treatment has been modified Rotor surface cracking Thermal fatigue Machine cracks; enlarge radius Improved materials with resistance to thermal fatigue Bore Cracking...
Abstract
This chapter covers the failure modes and mechanisms of concern in steam turbines and the methods used to assess remaining component life. It provides a detailed overview of the design considerations, material requirements, damage mechanisms, and remaining-life-assessment methods for the most-failure prone components beginning with rotors and continuing on to casings, blades, nozzles, and high-temperature bolts. The chapter makes extensive use of images, diagrams, data plots, and tables and includes step-by-step instructions where relevant.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.gmpm.t51250257
EISBN: 978-1-62708-345-4
... in frictional heat. The thermal expansion and contraction initiated a large number of radial cracks that progressed as a fatigue fracture ( Fig. 28b ) into the bore of the part and along the roots of the teeth. Fig. 28 Thermal fatigue cracking of a spur gear. (a) Radial cracking due to frictional heat...
Abstract
Gears can fail in many different ways, and except for an increase in noise level and vibration, there is often no indication of difficulty until total failure occurs. This chapter begins with the classification of gear failure modes, followed by sections discussing the characteristics of various fatigue failures. Then, it provides information on the modes of impact fractures, wear, scuffing, and stress rupture. Next, the chapter describes the causes of gear failures and discusses the processes involved in conducting the failure analysis. Finally, the chapter presents examples of gear failure analysis.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.stg2.t61280287
EISBN: 978-1-62708-267-9
... corrosive attack and thermal fatigue cracking. The microstructure of an EBPVD coating also can be altered by varying the substrate temperature and by bombarding the substrate with energetic particles, such as plasma or ion beam, that can break up the columnar structure and improve coating density...
Abstract
Superalloys tend to operate in environments where they are subjected to high-temperature corrosion, oxidation, and the erosive effects of hot gases. This chapter discusses the nature of these attacks and the effectiveness of various protection methods. It describes the primary forms of oxidation, the development of protective oxides, and the conditions associated with mixed gas corrosion and hot corrosion attack. It discusses oxidation and corrosion testing, the equipment used, and various ways to present the associated data. It describes the effect of gaseous oxidation on different alloys, discusses the formation of oxide scale in the presence of mixed gases, and explains how alloy composition contributes to oxide growth. The chapter discusses the underlying chemistry of hot corrosion, how to identify its effects, and how it progresses under various conditions. It also discusses protective coatings, including aluminide diffusion, overlay, and thermal barrier types, and how they perform in different environments based on their ability to tolerate strain.