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surface damage
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Image
Published: 01 March 2001
Fig. 4 Scanning electron micrograph showing surface damage by chip formation, plastic deformation, and pickup of fragments of a ceramic particle abrading a copper surface
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Image
Published: 01 September 2005
Fig. 53 Experimental gears after nital etch for surface damage. Grinding patterns were observed after surface nital etch on both gears. Microscopic examination of sections removed from the gears did not reveal microstructural changes in the case hardened matrix in either gear.
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Image
Published: 01 December 2000
Fig. 5.52 Experimental gears after nital etch for surface damage. Grinding patterns were observed after surface nital etch on both gears. Microscopic examination of sections removed from the gears did not reveal microstructural changes in the case hardened matrix in either gear.
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Image
Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 6.77 (a) External surface of a tube without any apparent damage except for insignificant deformation. (b) Opened tube showing scalloping pattern with metal wastage marks exhibiting directionality
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Image
Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 6.82 Low-magnification views at outer surface showing erosion-corrosion damage surrounding two punctures, (a) 2×, (b) 6×
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Published: 01 December 2018
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Published: 01 December 2018
Image
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 7 Damage created on the surface of an elastomer by isolated stress concentration. (a) Surface deformation pattern when a sharp needle or conical indentor with acute angle is slid on the surface of an elastomer. The elastomer surface is pulled in the direction of motion and fails
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Image
Published: 01 March 2006
Fig. 10.5 Observation of fatigue damage at specimen surface by taper sectioning. Source: Ref 10.10
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in Erosion, Cavitation, Impingement, and Fretting Corrosion
> Corrosion of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 11 Surface tears caused by fretting damage when aluminum cylinders in Fig. 10 were extruded
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Image
in Failure of a Stabilizer Link Rod in an Aircraft
> Failure Analysis of Engineering Structures: Methodology and Case Histories
Published: 01 October 2005
Fig. CH7.2 Damage to the threads of the link rod, near the fracture surface, as a result of bending
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in Failure of a Fuel Pump in an Aircraft
> Failure Analysis of Engineering Structures: Methodology and Case Histories
Published: 01 October 2005
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in Differentiating between EOS and ESD Failures for ICs[1]
> Microelectronics Failure Analysis: Desk Reference
Published: 01 November 2019
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230339
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... operations are conducted and describes the effect of tooling materials, cutting speeds, metal-removal rates, and other variables. It also explains how to assess and remove surface damage caused by machining such as microcracks and twins. beryllium machining surface damage 21.1 Overview...
Abstract
Beryllium’s machining characteristics are similar to those of heat-treated cast aluminum and chilled cast iron. Like the other materials, it can be turned, milled, drilled, bored, sawed, cut, threaded, tapped, and trepanned with good results. This chapter explains how these machining operations are conducted and describes the effect of tooling materials, cutting speeds, metal-removal rates, and other variables. It also explains how to assess and remove surface damage caused by machining such as microcracks and twins.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
..., preventing or removing surface damage, and by inducing compressive mean stresses that prolong fatigue life. It also discusses the use of property conditioning and restoration treatments, the benefits of interference fits and processes such as coaxing, the effects of assembly damage and operating overload...
Abstract
This chapter is largely a compendium of best practices and procedures for minimizing the effects of fatigue. It explains how to make products more resistant to fatigue by choosing the right materials and manufacturing processes, avoiding geometries and features that concentrate strains, preventing or removing surface damage, and by inducing compressive mean stresses that prolong fatigue life. It also discusses the use of property conditioning and restoration treatments, the benefits of interference fits and processes such as coaxing, the effects of assembly damage and operating overload, the importance of surface cleanliness and finish, and the role of inspection, testing, replacement, and repair in safe-life and fail-safe designs. Examples highlighting the benefits and potential pitfalls of proof loading tests are included as well.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.stg2.t61280135
EISBN: 978-1-62708-267-9
... objectives of quenching, annealing, and aging along with the associated risks of surface damage caused by oxidation, carbon pickup, alloy depletion, intergranular attack, and environmental contaminants. It also discusses heat treatment atmospheres, furnace and fixturing requirements, and practical...
Abstract
All superalloys, whether precipitation hardened or not, are heated at some point in their production for a subsequent processing step or, as needed, to alter their microstructure. This chapter discusses the changes that occur in superalloys during heat treatment and the many reasons such changes are required. It describes several types of treatments, including stress relieving, in-process annealing, full annealing, solution annealing, coating diffusion, and precipitation hardening. It discusses the temperatures, holding times, and heating and cooling rates necessary to achieve the desired objectives of quenching, annealing, and aging along with the associated risks of surface damage caused by oxidation, carbon pickup, alloy depletion, intergranular attack, and environmental contaminants. It also discusses heat treatment atmospheres, furnace and fixturing requirements, and practical considerations, including heating and cooling rates for wrought and cast superalloys and combined treatments such as solution annealing and vacuum brazing.
Image
in Cold Spray Applications in the Defense Industry
> High Pressure Cold Spray: Principles and Applications
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 9.12 Seawater corrosion damage on the outboard portion (a) and sealing surfaces (b) on the valve actuator internal bore. Courtesy of Puget Sound Naval Ship Yard
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Published: 01 December 2015
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270175
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
.... The pumps were disassembled and a set of seven plungers and cylinders was examined, after cleaning. Visual Examination of General Physical Features The plunger body showed surface damage. The extent and location of this damage varied from plunger to plunger. In some locations, galling, pitting...
Abstract
Several hydraulic pumps that failed in service on a particular type of aircraft were received for analysis. Hydraulic testing was not an option, so the pumps were disassembled and their plungers and cylinders were cleaned and examined. Based on their observations, investigators concluded that cavitation erosion damaged the plungers, causing them to seize.
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in Alteration of Microstructure
> Metallographer’s Guide: Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 3.51 Microstructure of a plasma-arc-cut surface of an as-rolled AISI/SAE 1020 steel plate showing surface damage (top). Regions “A”, “B”, “C” are shown at higher magnification in Fig. 3.52 . 2% nital and 4% picral etch. 100×
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