Fig. 12.3 Refuse-derived fuel unit, with superheaters (right above the nose arch or bull nose) and a boiler (generating) bank in the convection pass. The bottom of the furnace is a traveling grate. Source: Ref 3 More

Fig. 12.29 Alloys 72 overlay superheater tube (a) and alloy C276 overlay superheater tube (b) after 7200 operating hours (10 months) in a RDF unit. The windward side of the tube, where the flue gas impinged upon the tube surface was the top side of the tube cross section as shown in the figure More

Fig. 5.18. Sample life-consumption chart for superheater outlet header tees with four steam leads from a 350-MW, 16.5-MPa (2.4-ksi), 565/540 °C (1050/1000 °F) middle load unit ( Ref 26 ). More

Fig. 5.43. Preliminary issues and level I and level II assessments of superheater outlet headers ( Ref 76 ). More

Fig. 5.44. Level III assessment of superheater outlet headers ( Ref 76 ). More

Fig. 1.31 Combined effects of superheat and heating rate on the spreading of 0.5 mg spheres of Ag-29Cu braze on nickel substrates in a nitrogen-10% hydrogen atmosphere. Area of isospread contours in mm 2 are shown. Adapted from Weirauch and Krafick [1996] More

Fig. 5.2 Grain size measurement on final superheater tube sample More

Fig. 5.5 Cross section of superheater tube sample that has undergone decarburization Location Decarb depth, μm 1 384.7 2 397.5 3 394.9 4 359.3 5 361.8 Avg 379.6 More

Fig. 5.6 Variation in scale thickness on flue gas side of a superheater tube Location Scale thickness, μm 1 583.5 2 575.8 3 524.9 4 675.2 5 537.6 Avg 579.4 More

Fig. 5.14 EDS spectrum for outer surface of a superheater tube sample More

Fig. 6.23 Failed superheater tube (a) showing 180° bending and (b) opposite end view showing a burst opening with disordered contours More

Fig. 6.36 Close-up views of a superheater tube at the failure location More

Fig. 6.131 Superheater tube cut by steam leaking from an adjacent tube More

Fig. 6.137 Portion of a failed superheater tube showing failure location More

Fig. 6 Thick-lip “fishmouth” failure of a 2-in.-diam superheater tube. The tube bent away from the fracture due to the reaction force of the escaping steam. The material was ASME SA-213 T22 (0.15 maximum C, 1.90–2.60 Cr, 0.87–1.13 Mo). Hardness was 96–98 HRB. Scale about 0.012 in. thick More

Fig. 12.30 Carbon steel superheater tubes protected by metallic tube shields awaiting installation at one WTE plant. More

Fig. 13.19 Results of corrosion probe tests for T-22 in the lower superheater region for 840 h in a boiler. Source: Ref 46 More

Fig. 13.20 T-11 superheater tube sample showing severe corrosion attack after 6 months of operation. Source: Ref 31 More

Fig. 13.23 Type 310 overlay superheater tubes (a) and in close-up (b) after 2 years of operation in the boiler at a mill in South America. Source: Ref 31 More

Fig. 10.64 Effect of SO 2 content in flue gas on the corrosion of several superheater/reheater materials exposed to synthetic ash containing 5 wt% (Na 2 SO 4 + K 2 SO 4 ) at 650 °C (1200 °F). Source: Ref 70 More