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Stretching principle

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in Extrusion of Soft- and Medium-Grade Alloys > Aluminum Extrusion Technology
Published: 01 March 2000
Fig. 22 Stretching principle More
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Flow diagram of stretching and sawing variables

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in Process Control in the Aluminum Extrusion Plant > Aluminum Extrusion Technology
Published: 01 March 2000
Fig. 8 Flow diagram of stretching and sawing variables More
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Mold stretching during cure. Source: Ref 8

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in Processing Science of Polymer Matrix Composites > Structural Composite Materials
Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 7.37 Mold stretching during cure. Source: Ref 8 More
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Combination of sheet hydroforming with punch (SHF-P) with stretching and de...

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in Sheet Hydroforming > Sheet Metal Forming: Processes and Applications
Published: 01 August 2012
Fig. 8.7 Combination of sheet hydroforming with punch (SHF-P) with stretching and deep drawing to produce complex parts in forming operation. (a) Prestretching followed by SHF-P. (b) Deep drawing followed by SHF-P. Source: Ref 8.11 More
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Dimpling parameters used to determine stretching deformation limits. H , h...

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in Forming of Titanium Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Tubing[1] > Titanium: Physical Metallurgy, Processing, and Applications
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 11.22 Dimpling parameters used to determine stretching deformation limits. H , head size; T , thickness; α, bend angle; R , rivet diameter More
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Typical stretch-formed shapes. (a) Longitudinal stretching. (b) Transverse ...

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in Aluminum Alloys > Lightweight Materials: Understanding the Basics
Published: 01 October 2012
Fig. 2.18 Typical stretch-formed shapes. (a) Longitudinal stretching. (b) Transverse stretching. (c) Compound bend from extrusion. (d) Long, sweeping bend from extrusion. Source: Ref 2.17 More
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Sheared edge stretching limits for various steels. HE, hole expansion. Sour...

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in Attributes of Advanced High-Strength Steels > Advanced-High Strength Steels: Science, Technology, and Applications
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 4.23 Sheared edge stretching limits for various steels. HE, hole expansion. Source: Ref 4.11 More
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Stretching and necking, owing to excessive creep in improperly heat treated...

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in Failure and Refurbishment > Superalloys: A Technical Guide
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 14.17 Stretching and necking, owing to excessive creep in improperly heat treated nickel-base superalloy turbine blade. Note pinching of upper midspan region and extreme wear at blade tip More
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Example of tensile fracture with stretching in fracture region in a bolt wi...

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in Mechanical and Electronic Failures > Systems Failure Analysis
Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 12.1 Example of tensile fracture with stretching in fracture region in a bolt with cracks that opened up during bolt tensioning. Source: Ref 1 More
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Sheared edge stretching limits for various steels. HE, hole expansion; HSS,...

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in Attributes of Advanced High-Strength Steels > Advanced High-Strength Steels: Science, Technology, and Applications, Second Edition
Published: 31 October 2024
Fig. 4.23 Sheared edge stretching limits for various steels. HE, hole expansion; HSS, high-strength steel; DP, dual phase; TRIP, transformation-induced plasticity. Source: Ref 4.12 More
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Combined stretching/drawing of an irregular part with (a) draw bead and (b)...

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in Sheet Metalworking > Schey’s Tribology in Metalworking: Friction, Lubrication, and Wear
Published: 30 September 2023
Figure 12.21: Combined stretching/drawing of an irregular part with (a) draw bead and (b) edge bead. More
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Stretching principle

Stretching principle

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in Extrusion of Soft- and Medium-Grade Alloys > Aluminum Extrusion Technology, Second Edition
Published: 30 April 2025
Fig. 6.30 Stretching principle More
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Flow diagram of stretching and sawing variables

Flow diagram of stretching and sawing variables

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in Process Control in the Aluminum Extrusion Plant > Aluminum Extrusion Technology, Second Edition
Published: 30 April 2025
Fig. 9.7 Flow diagram of stretching and sawing variables More
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Schematics of stretch bending tests. (a) Stretch forming test. Source: Ref...

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in Bending, Flanging, and Hemming > Sheet Metal Forming: Processes and Applications
Published: 01 August 2012
Fig. 2.25 Schematics of stretch bending tests. (a) Stretch forming test. Source: Ref 2.17 . (b) Stretch bending test. Source: Ref 2.18 . (c) Stretch bend test. Source: Ref 2.19 . (d) Tangential stretch bending More
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Forming temperatures for dimpling, linear stretch, sheet stretch, and rubbe...

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in Forming of Titanium Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Tubing[1] > Titanium: Physical Metallurgy, Processing, and Applications
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 11.5 Forming temperatures for dimpling, linear stretch, sheet stretch, and rubber stretch flange forming More
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Principle of stretch bending. One benefit of stretch forming is that it elo...

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in Fabrication and Finishing of Metal Products > Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 6.20 Principle of stretch bending. One benefit of stretch forming is that it elongates the metal throughout the section. More
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Microstructures of alloy 5083-O plate stretched 1%. (a) As-stretched. (b) A...

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in Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Aluminum Alloys[1] > Stress-Corrosion Cracking: Materials Performance and Evaluation
Published: 01 January 2017
Fig. 8.9 Microstructures of alloy 5083-O plate stretched 1%. (a) As-stretched. (b) After heating 40 days at 120 °C (250 °F) More
Book Chapter

Bending, Flanging, and Hemming

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By H. Kim, S. Chatti, N. Kardes
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smfpa.t53500019
EISBN: 978-1-62708-317-1
... conditions. It describes the basic principles of air bending, stretch bending, and U- and V-die bending as well as rotary, roll, and wipe die bending, also known as straight flanging. It also discusses the steps involved in contour (stretch or shrink) flanging, hole flanging, and hemming and describes...
Abstract
This chapter begins with a review of the mechanics of bending and the primary elements of a bending system. It examines stress-strain distributions defined by elementary bending theory and explains how to predict stress, strain, bending moment, and springback under various bending conditions. It describes the basic principles of air bending, stretch bending, and U- and V-die bending as well as rotary, roll, and wipe die bending, also known as straight flanging. It also discusses the steps involved in contour (stretch or shrink) flanging, hole flanging, and hemming and describes the design and operation of press brakes and other bending machines.
View PDF for content titled, Bending, Flanging, and Hemming
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Permanent stretch under force cycling of cyclically strain softening 4340 s...

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in Stress and Strain Cycling > Fatigue and Durability of Structural Materials
Published: 01 March 2006
Fig. 2.27 Permanent stretch under force cycling of cyclically strain softening 4340 steel More
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Stretch forming. Source: Ref 11

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in Deformation Processing > Elements of Metallurgy and Engineering Alloys
Published: 01 June 2008
Fig. 16.22 Stretch forming. Source: Ref 11 More