Fig. 4 Fracture of a steel tube. (a) Fracture surface at approximately actual size, showing point of crack initiation (at arrow), chevron and fanlike marks, and development of shear lips. (b) Fracture-origin area at 5×; note that fracture nuclei differ in texture from the main fracture surface More

Fig. 27 Brittle fracture of D6B steel equalizer bar. (a) Fracture surface of a large (~13.3 × 15 cm, or 5.25 × 6 in.) equalizer bar made from D6B steel heat treated to a hardness of 45–47 HRC. This bar, which supports the front end of a large crawler tractor, was in service for approximately More

Fig. 13-17 Cleavage fracture on overload fracture surface of H13 steel CVN specimen tempered at 500 °C (930 °F) for 3 h. TEM carbon replica. Source: Ref 9 More

Fig. 8.81 “Rock candy” fracture surface in cast steel, embrittled by the precipitation of aluminum nitride on the grain boundaries during solidification. Source: Ref 31 , 39 More

Fig. 8.82 “Rock candy” fracture surface in cast steel, embrittled by the precipitation of aluminum nitride on the grain boundaries during solidification. SEM, SE. Source: Ref 31 , 39 More

Fig. 18.19 Central and near-surface shear fracture areas of martenstic of 41xx steel tensile specimens tempered at 150 °C (300 °F). (a) 4130. (b) 4140. (c) 4150. SEM micrographs More

Fig. 19.12 Intergranular fracture surface of CVN-tested as-quenched 52100 steel austenitized above A CM at 965 °C (1770 °F). SEM micrograph. Source: Ref 19.40 More

Fig. 19.13 Intergranular fracture surface of CVN-tested 4340 steel oil quenched and tempered at 350 °C (660 °F). SEM micrograph. Courtesy of J. Materkowski. Source: Ref 19.41 More

Fig. 19.21 Flat cleavage facets and microvoids on fracture surface of 4340 steel containing 0.003% P and tempered at 350 °C (662 °F). Specimen was broken by impact loading at room temperature. Source: Ref 19.49 More

Fig. 19.23 Fracture surface of low-phophorus-containing 4130 steel tempered at 300 °C (570 °F). SEM micrograph. Source: Ref 19.55 More

Fig. 21.24 Fracture at the surface of a carburized 20MnCr5 steel containing 1.29% Mn, 0.44% Si, 1.24% Cr, 0.25% Ni and 0.0015% B after single tooth bending fatigue testing. Lamellar oxide structure on austenite grain boundaries formed during gas carburizing is shown. SEM micrograph. Source More

Fig. 3.34 A SEM micrograph of a fracture surface of the 0.7% C-3% Cr steel forging in Fig. 3.33 showing a manganese sulfide dendrite. 2000× More

Fig. 3.37 A SEM micrograph showing a void in the fracture surface of the steel shown in Fig. 3.36 . Note the rounded features. More

Fig. 3.45 A SEM micrograph of the fracture surface of a 3% Cr steel showing intergranular fracture, indicating a condition of temper embrittlement. 500× More

Fig. 5.10 SEM micrograph of a cleavage fracture surface on a 1018 steel. Original magnification 160× More

Fig. 5.11 SEM micrograph of a mostly grain-boundary fracture surface on a 1086 steel. Original magnification 95× More

Fig. 5.12 SEM micrograph of a ductile fracture surface on a 1018 steel. Original magnification 2300× More

Fig. 7 Surface of a brittle fracture in a cold-drawn, stress-relieved 1035 steel axle tube. Fracture originated at a weld defect (arrow) during testing in very cold weather. Note the well-defined chevron marks located clockwise from the arrow, pointing back toward the origin. Note also More

Fig. 17 Surface of a fatigue fracture in a grade 1050 steel shaft, with hardness of about 35 HRC, that was subjected to rotating bending. The presence of numerous ratchet marks (small shiny areas at the surface) indicates that fatigue cracks were initiated at many locations along a sharp snap More

Fig. 4 (a) Fracture surface of a steel tube, at approximately actual size, showing point of crack initiation (at arrow), chevron and fanlike marks, and development of shear lips. (b) Fracture-origin area. Original magnification 5×; note that fracture nuclei differ in texture from the main More