Search Results for spray quenching

This chapter discusses the quenching process and its adaptation to induction heat treating. It describes the three stages of quenching, the cooling characteristics of various types of quenchants, and the details of nearly a dozen compatible quenching methods. It also explains how to verify whether a quenchant can cool a workpiece fast enough to achieve martensitic transformation without cracking or distortion.

This chapter discusses the processes involved in heat treating of stainless steels, providing information on the classification, chemical compositions, and corrosion resistance of stainless steels. Five groups of stainless steels are discussed: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, precipitation-hardening, and duplex grades. The chapter also describes the heat treatment conditions that should be followed for processing of stainless steels.

This appendix discusses the sizing, scaling, and configuration requirements of the basic components in a quench cooling system, including tanks, pumps, hoses, and inlet and outlet fixtures and the materials from which they are made.

This chapter provides a summary of ongoing efforts to improve quality and productivity in the aluminum extrusion industry. It assesses advancements in several areas including extrusion presses and auxiliary equipment, tool and die technology, billet casting, extrusion thermodynamics and tribology, and process control.

The decomposition of austenite, during controlled cooling or quenching, produces a wide variety of microstructures in response to such factors as steel composition, temperature of transformation, and cooling rate. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on the isothermal transformation and continuous cooling transformation diagrams that characterize the conditions that produce the various microstructures. It discusses the mechanism and process variables of quenching of steel, explaining the factors involved in the mechanism of quenching. In addition, the chapter provides information on the causes and characteristics of residual stresses, distortion, and quench cracking of steel.

The appendix provides a glossary of practical heat treating terms.

This chapter introduces the principal heat treating processes, namely normalizing, annealing, stress relieving, surface hardening, quenching, and tempering. An overview of four of the more popular surface hardening treatments, namely carburizing, carbonitriding, nitriding, and nitrocarburizing, is provided.

This chapter presents a step-by-step approach for analyzing the causes of nonconforming workpieces and determining potential solutions. The discussion covers a wide range of issues, including testing errors, latent and process-related defects, examination and testing techniques, defect characterization, and effective remedial actions.

This chapter discusses the process characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of various processes involved in surface hardening of steel. These include pack carburizing, liquid carburizing, gas carburizing, vacuum carburizing, plasma carburizing, gas nitriding, liquid nitriding, carbonitriding, and hardfacing. The chapter describes two surface hardening processes by localized heat treatment: flame hardening and induction hardening. It also briefly summarizes other surface hardening processes, namely, aluminizing, siliconizing, chromizing, titanium carbide coatings, and boronizing.

Induction heating, in most applications, is used to selectively heat only a portion of the workpiece that requires treatment. This chapter covers the basic principles, features, and metallurgical aspects of induction heating. The discussion includes the conditions required for induction heating and quenching, the use of magnetic flux concentrators to improve the efficiency of surface heating, and the quenching systems used for induction hardening. The discussion also provides information on time-temperature dependence in induction heating, workpiece distortion in induction surface hardening, residual stresses after induction surface hardening and finish grinding, and input and output control of steel for induction surface hardening of gears.