Fig. 5 Effect of nickel and copper contamination on the salt-spray corrosion performance of die-cast AZ91 alloy. Source: Ref 7 More

Fig. 7 Effect of heavy-metal contamination on the salt-spray performance of sand-cast AZ91 samples in the T6 temper, as determined by ASTM B117 method. The samples, containing less than 10 ppm Ni and less than 100 ppm Cu, were simultaneously exposed for 240 h. The sample at left contained 160 More

Fig. 1.1 The high-pressure cold spray process uses a high-pressure gas heater and a high-pressure powder feeder to inject the spray powder upstream of the nozzle throat. This provides the very high particle velocities that enable this process to deposit a wide range of metals and some other More

Fig. 1.4 The low-pressure cold spray process uses a low-pressure powder feeder to inject the spray powder downstream of the nozzle throat, directly into the supersonic diverging section of the nozzle. The system is lighter and less expensive but more limited in materials. More

Fig. 1.9 Early Russian cold gas dynamic spray system used to deposit a wide range of metals and some ceramic-metal composites. Courtesy of Anatolii Papyrin More

Fig. 1.11 Temperature-versus-velocity plot comparing cold spray with traditional thermal spray process technologies. Source: Ref 1.5 More

Fig. 1.12 Early cold spray repair of a Sandia satellite housing. Out-of-tolerance surface was built up with cold spray and then remachined to meet specifications. This is believed to be the first cold-sprayed part to be launched into space. Courtesy of Sandia National Laboratories More

Fig. 4.6 Inside diameter spray head. Courtesy of Impact Innovations GmbH More

Fig. 4.7 Inside diameter spray adapter. Courtesy of Impact Innovations GmbH More

Fig. 4.9 Portable high-pressure cold spray system. Courtesy of ASB Industries, Inc. More

Fig. 4.11 Gas supply systems for cold spray processing. Helium from the tube trailer on the left; nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen pump system on the right. Courtesy of ASB Industries, Inc. More

Fig. 5.32 LECO analysis of oxygen and nitrogen at different cold spray gas temperatures in titanium and Ti-64. Source: Ref 5.78 More

Fig. 8.5 Bonding state of aluminum tube and fin coated by cold spray after the brazing process. Source: Ref 8.20 More

Fig. 8.6 Leak test of cold-spray-assisted fabrication of aluminum heat exchanger. (a) Before and (b) after the 500 h corrosion test. Source: Ref 8.20 More

Fig. 9.6 Hydraulic pump pad after the high-pressure cold spray repair has been machined. The transmission has been assembled and is in the engine test stand. Courtesy of the Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University More

Fig. 9.10 High-pressure cold-spray-repaired and machined fastener hole in a forward equipment bay panel. Courtesy of South Dakota School of Mines and Technology More

Fig. 9.19 High-pressure cold-spray-repaired false axle showing both as-deposited and machined state. Courtesy of South Dakota School of Mines and Technology More

Fig. 11.2 Magnesium repair by cold spray in the UH-60 helicopter. (a and b) Corroded transmission housing that was repaired by using (c) a cold-sprayed commercial-purity aluminum/Al-6061 coating. (d) Dented gear box component before and (e) after cold spray coating. (f) Macro More

Fig. 11.5 (Part 1) (a–h) Low-pressure cold spray repair, using a portable unit. (a) Al-7075-T73 helicopter mast with (b) corrosion pits in the lower lip of the snap ring groove. (c) Cross section of the pitted surface. (d) Pitted surface ground and rebuilt to print using the cold-sprayed More

Fig. 11.5 (Part 2) (a–h) Low-pressure cold spray repair, using a portable unit. (a) Al-7075-T73 helicopter mast with (b) corrosion pits in the lower lip of the snap ring groove. (c) Cross section of the pitted surface. (d) Pitted surface ground and rebuilt to print using the cold-sprayed More