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solid-film lubricants
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... or lubricate surfaces, including solid film, chemical conversion, and vacuum coatings, surface oiling and texturing, and lubricating platings. It compares and contrasts methods based on thickness and depth and their relative effect on friction, erosion, and wear. coatings friction and wear properties...
Abstract
This chapter covers coatings and treatments that are used to improve the friction and wear behaviors of materials. It describes modifications that work by hardening contacting surfaces, including heat treating, vacuum coating, thermal spray, and plating, and those that separate or lubricate surfaces, including solid film, chemical conversion, and vacuum coatings, surface oiling and texturing, and lubricating platings. It compares and contrasts methods based on thickness and depth and their relative effect on friction, erosion, and wear.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300391
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... and friction control, the relationship between viscosity and breakaway friction, and the factors that affect load-carrying capacity and service life. friction control industrial greases liquid lubricants solid-film lubricants DUNCAN DOWSON, a distinguished professor at the University...
Abstract
This chapter covers the tribological properties of different types of oil, greases, solid lubricants, and metalworking and traction fluids. It explains how lubricants are made, how they work, and how they are applied and tested. It also discusses the fundamentals of lubrication and friction control, the relationship between viscosity and breakaway friction, and the factors that affect load-carrying capacity and service life.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.t68350043
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
... are forced to move relative to each other. It is closely associated with any wear mechanisms that may be operating and with any lubricant and/or surface films that may be present, as well as the surface topographies. The heat generated as a result of the dissipation of frictional interaction may affect...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the basic principles of friction and the factors that must be considered when determining its effect on moving bodies in contact. It provides an extensive amount of friction data, including static and kinetic friction coefficients for numerous combinations of engineering materials and coatings. It also describes the causes and effects of the most common forms of wear, the conditions under which they occur, the role of lubrication, and wear testing methods.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... in some way with lubricants; this section will also concentrate on the friction aspects of lubricated tribosystems. Fig. 3.12 Types of lubricants Solid film lubricants are just that—a film of some solid substance is deposited on a sliding or rolling surface in order to reduce friction...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the effect of friction in the context of design. It explains how friction coefficients are determined and how they are used to make sizing and selection decisions. It covers practical issues associated with rolling friction, the use of lubricants, and the tribology of metal, ceramic, and polymer surfaces in contact. It also discusses the nature of rolling friction and provides helpful design guidelines.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... (lubricant); they could be rolling in a powder or other solid particles (which is the case for tires on roadways); they can have films or treatments separating the rolling elements. Fig. 2.11 Rolling a ball on a flat produces pure rolling at a point. Rolling a ball in an “almost” conforming raceway...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the types of friction that are of concern in tribological systems along with their associated causes and effects. It discusses some of the early discoveries that led to the development of friction laws and the understanding that friction is a system effect that can be analyzed based on energy dissipation. It describes the stick-slip behavior observed in wiper blades, the concept of asperities, and the significance of the shape, lay, roughness, and waviness of surfaces in sliding contact. It explains how friction forces are measured and how they are influenced by speed, load, and operating environment. It also covers rolling contact and fluid friction and the effect of lubrication.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.gmpm.t51250019
EISBN: 978-1-62708-345-4
... to the gear teeth and cured to form a dry film coating. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) coatings are also used. Solid lubricants are expensive to apply and have limited wear lives. However, in many applications, such as spacecraft, they are the only alternative and can provide...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the knowledge of the field of gear tribology and is intended for both gear designers and gear operators. Gear tooth failure modes are discussed with emphasis on lubrication-related failures. The chapter is concerned with gear tooth failures that are influenced by friction, lubrication, and wear. Equations for calculating lubricant film thickness, which determines whether the gears operate in the boundary, elastohydrodynamic, or full-film lubrication range, are given. Also, given is an equation for Blok's flash temperature, which is used for predicting the risk of scuffing. In addition, recommendations for lubricant selection, viscosity, and method of application are discussed. The chapter discusses in greater detail the applications of oil lubricant. Finally, a case history demonstrates how the tribological principles discussed in the chapter can be applied practically to avoid gear failure.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300079
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... liquid erosion is minimal. Thus, in soils and rock, the mechanism of material removal is fluidization of particles from the solid surface and dispersal of the detritus by the action of the moving fluid. In active/passive metals, liquid erosion can be conjoint with corrosion. Protective films are removed...
Abstract
This chapter covers common types of erosion, including droplet, slurry, cavitation, liquid impingement, gas flow, and solid particle erosion, and major types of wear, including abrasive, adhesive, lubricated, rolling, and impact wear. It also covers special cases such as galling, fretting, scuffing, and spalling and introduces the concepts of tribocorrosion and biotribology.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smff.t53400089
EISBN: 978-1-62708-316-4
... a few selected forming operations, such as hot rolling of plates or slabs and nonlubricated extrusion of aluminum alloys. Boundary lubrication ( Fig. 7.2 ) is defined as a condition where the solid surfaces are so close together that surface interaction between single or multimolecular films...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the factors that must be considered when selecting a lubricant for sheet metal forming operations. It begins with a review of lubrication regimes and friction models. It then describes the selection and use of sheet metal forming lubricants, explaining how they are applied and removed and how their pressure and temperature ranges can be extended by performance enhancing additives. The chapter also explains how sheet metal forming lubricants are evaluated in the laboratory as well as on the production floor and how tribological tests are conducted to simulate stamping, deep drawing, ironing, and blanking operations.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... lubricant cannot flow through the interface as it can where there is continual sliding motion. Certain greases, solid film lubricants (e.g., molybdenum disulfide), and oils are intended to reduce or delay fretting, as is discussed in Ref 1 . Prevent fracture: Fracture resulting from fretting wear may...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fec.t65940451
EISBN: 978-1-62708-302-7
... to Salt Spray (Fog) D 2251, Test Method for Metal Corrosion by Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures D 2570, Method for Simulated Service Corrosion Testing of Engine Coolants D 2649, Test Method for Corrosion Characteristics of Solid Film Lubricants 454 / Fundamentals of Electrochemical...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780259
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... for Solid Friction , Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology , Vol 18 , ASM Handbook , Blau P.J. , Ed., ASM International , 1992 , p 45 – 58 19. “ Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting, ” D 1894-90, 1992 Annual Book of ASTM...
Abstract
This article focuses on friction and wear as they relate to polymeric materials, covering friction and wear applications for polymeric materials. The discussion covers the causes and mechanisms of friction, wear, and lubrication; different test methods developed to simulate friction and wear mechanisms; and friction and wear test data used for polymeric materials.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smfpa.t53500317
EISBN: 978-1-62708-317-1
..., physical vapor deposition. Source: Ref 16.54 Physical vapor deposition allows coating only the area of interest, by using proper masking. On the other hand, this may limit the ability to coat long, internal diameters. Table 16.5 lists the common PVD coatings, including solid-film lubricant (MoS...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the types of failures that can occur in sheet metal forming tools and explains how to mitigate their effects. It describes the factors that influence galling and wear and the benefits of special treatments and coatings. It provides information on through hardening, case (surface) hardening, and nitriding as well as hard chrome plating, vapor deposition, and thermal diffusion coating. It explains how to measure wear resistance using various tests and provides guidelines for selecting tool materials, treatments, and coatings.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.chffa.t51040067
EISBN: 978-1-62708-300-3
.... As is the case with dry conditions, friction is high. Full-Film Lubrication Full-film lubrication exists when a thick layer of solid lubricant/dry coating is present between the dies and the workpiece. In this case, the friction conditions are governed by the shear strength of the lubricant film...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the effect of friction and lubrication on forgings and forging operations. The discussion covers lubrication mechanisms, the use of friction laws, tooling and process parameters, and the lubrication requirements of specific materials and forging processes. The chapter also describes several test methods for evaluating lubricants and explains how to interpret associated test data.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smfpa.t53500107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-317-1
... for stamping advanced high-strength steel Table 6.4 Tool coatings for stamping advanced high-strength steel Application Good Better Best Piercing PVD TiCN PVD AlTiN CVD TiC PVD TiCrN PVD solid film lubricant Blanking/trimming PVD TiCN PVD TiCrN PVD AlTiN Forming/drawing PVD...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the forming characteristics of dual-phase (DP) and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels. It begins with a review of the mechanical behavior of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) and how they respond to stress-strain conditions associated with deformation processes such as stretching, bending, flanging, deep drawing, and blanking. It then describes the complex tribology of AHSS forming operations, the role of lubrication, the effect of tool steels and coatings, and the force and energy requirements of various forming presses. It also discusses the cause of springback and explains how to predict and compensating for its effects.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610461
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
.... Certain greases, solid-film lubricants (such as molybdenum disulfide), and oils are intended to reduce or delay fretting. Prevent fracture. Fracture resulting from fretting wear may be prevented by inducing compressive residual stresses or by certain heat treatments, although these probably...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the causes and effects of wear along with prevention methods. It covers abrasive, erosive, erosion-corrosion, grinding, gouging, adhesive, and fretting wear. It also discusses various forms of contact-stress fatigue, including subsurface-origin fatigue, surface-origin fatigue, subcase-origin fatigue (spalling fatigue), and cavitation fatigue.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ems.t53730139
EISBN: 978-1-62708-283-9
... powder processing sheet forming Liquid to Solid Processing Metals usually are cast into molds of sand, another refractory material, or another metal. Steel and iron are cast into sand or refractory molds. Gold, silver, and refractory metals are cast into molds of high-temperature ceramics...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
...) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The materials aspects of wear (materials durability) were somewhat separated from the lubricant aspects of wear preventing solid versus solid contact with lubricant films. By 2019, the separation between the materials and lubricant communities was reduced. The WOM...
Abstract
This chapter provides information on the biennial International Wear of Materials Conference, which is the inspiration for this book. It reviews the fundamentals of tribology, tribosystems, and related terminology. The glossary at the end of this chapter is intended to familiarize readers with some of the fundamental tribology terms that will be repeated throughout this book.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300121
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... of an application. In lubricated testing, it is imperative to decide if test velocities should be in the boundary or full separating film range. Wear should not occur under full film conditions. A Stribeck-type debugging test is usually needed to determine the velocities of boundary and full film lubrication...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the processes and procedures involved in tribotesting, the significance of test parameters and conditions, and practical considerations including test metrics and measurements and the interpretation of wear damage. It also describes the different types of erosion tests in use and common approaches for adhesive wear and abrasion testing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfub.t53740325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-308-9
... are similar to lubricating oils but contain active rust inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors in amounts that afford effective protection under various conditions of exposure. Hard dry-film compounds establish a film either by solvent evaporation or by chemical reaction after application. The coatings...
Abstract
This chapter covers a wide range of finishing and coating operations, including cleaning, honing, polishing and buffing, and lapping. It discusses the use of rust-preventative compounds, conversion coatings, and plating metals as well as weld overlay, thermal spray, and ceramic coatings and various pack cementation and deposition processes. It also discusses the selection and use of industrial paints and paint application methods.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.t68350231
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
.... F false brinelling. (1) Damage to a solid bearing surface characterized by indentations not caused by plastic deformation resulting from overload, but thought to be due to other causes such as fretting corrosion. (2) Local spots appearing when the protective film on a metal is broken continually...
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