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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bpapp.t59290169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-319-5
... Abstract After shaping and first-stage binder removal, the component (with remaining backbone binder) is heated to the sintering temperature. Further heating induces densification, evident as dimensional shrinkage, pore rounding, and improved strength. This chapter begins with a discussion...
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Published: 01 October 2012
Fig. 10.20 Progressive densification and grain growth at several stages of sintering. (a) Initial stage. (b) Intermediate stage. (c) Final stage. (d) Fracture surface. The fracture surface micrograph shows the desirable placement of spherical pores on grain boundaries in the final stage More
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Published: 30 April 2020
Fig. 10.38 Sintering time influence on densification for a slip cast 0.4 μm median particle size alumina, comparing a narrow and broad size distribution. At intermediate densities, the broad distribution improves sintering, but the two distributions converge to similar behavior at more than 95 More
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Published: 30 April 2020
Fig. 2.8 Cross-sectional view through a ferrous powder. The external view of the powder failed to detect this internal porosity. Dense particles are necessary for high properties because these internal pores are resistant to sintering densification. Courtesy of J. Marsden More
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400115
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... Abstract This chapter describes how forces and temperatures generated during sintering influence particle bonding, grain growth, shrinkage, and densification as well as bulk material properties. It explains how density, a good predictor of mechanical and electrical properties, can be controlled...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bpapp.t59290201
EISBN: 978-1-62708-319-5
... any initial particle size effect. The estimated grain growth rate of 7 μm 3 /s means almost no measurable difference in grain structure (and sintering densification) late in sintering, independent of starting particle size. Even a 60 μm particle size, sintered at 1340 °C (2445 °F) for 60 min...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400191
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... to produce dense material efficiently and at lower sintering temperatures. Applying pressure enhances the driving force for densification, minimizes coarsening, and leads to pore closure in the final sintering stage. The well-known methods of sintering intermetallic powders for full densification include hot...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400073
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... of conventional sintering include the sintering temperature, heating rate, holding time, sintering atmosphere, and cooling rate. Note that the proper selection of sintering temperature, heating rate, and isothermal holding time is extremely crucial for optimum densification. For example, a slow heating rate...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmamfa.t59400051
EISBN: 978-1-62708-479-6
... parameters on mechanically alloyed powders, their consolidation characteristics, and the properties of bulk components. consolidation densification high-pressure torsion hot pressing laser sintering microwave sintering powder milling pulse plasma sintering spark plasma sintering MECHANICAL...
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Published: 30 April 2020
Fig. 8.3 Sintered density versus hold time for 42 μm titanium powder vacuum sintered at three temperatures. Faster rates of densification (steeper slopes) are associated with shorter times and higher temperatures. More
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Published: 30 September 2024
Fig. 6.4 Sintered density versus hold time for 42 μm titanium powder vacuum sintered at three temperatures. Faster rates of densification (steeper slopes) are associated with shorter times and higher temperatures. Source: Ref 6.3 More
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Published: 30 April 2020
Fig. 8.9 Two variants in the mathematical treatment of sintering. The upper drawing corresponds to surface transport mechanisms that reposition mass along the outer surface to form the sinter neck without densification. The lower drawing corresponds to bulk transport mechanisms that move mass More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmsspmp.t52000039
EISBN: 978-1-62708-312-6
... interparticle friction and optimizes densification. Double Pressing-Double Sintering Double Pressing-Double Sintering is sometimes used to achieve high sintered densities. The first sintering is carried out at a relatively low temperature, which produces sufficient ductility for the second pressing...
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Published: 30 September 2024
Fig. 6.1 Scanning electron micrograph of spherical bronze particles to illustrate sinter neck formation between contacting particles prior to significant densification More
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Published: 30 April 2020
Fig. 10.33 High-purity alumina is sintered with different dopants at increasing concentrations to show that densification improves with magnesia but is hindered with calcia. Source: Bae and Baik ( Ref 19 ) More
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Published: 30 September 2024
Fig. 6.5 Sintered density versus particle size for zinc sulfide heated in nitrogen for 120 min at 1000 °C (1830 °F), illustrating the improved densification associated with small powders More
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Published: 30 April 2020
Fig. 8.4 Sintered density versus particle size for zinc sulfide heated in nitrogen for 120 min at 1000 °C (1830 °F), illustrating the improved densification associated with small powders. Source: Kim et al. ( Ref 1 ) More
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Published: 30 April 2020
Fig. 10.1 Data showing sintered density versus hold time and peak temperature for 17-4 PH stainless steel. Over a peak temperature of 1320 °C (2410 °F), almost all densification occurs prior to the isothermal hold, corresponding to zero time. More
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Published: 30 April 2020
Fig. 10.28 Sintered density versus temperature for 10 °C/min (18 °F/min) heating using two median particle sizes. The smaller 0.2 μm powder shows lower-temperature densification, but after 60 min at peak temperature (1400 °C or 2550 °F), the two powders reach essentially the same density More
Book Chapter

By James Foley, David L. Olson, Edgar E. Vidal
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... in consolidating normal-purity grades of beryllium is related to the oxide coating and contaminants, especially silicon. Silicon is a sintering aid that permits full densification of the hot pressed billets using hot pressing conditions. Sintering can be performed, but the properties of the sintered billets...