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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420041
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... energies and chemical potentials, and shows how the equilibrium state of an alloy can be obtained from free-energy curves. binary solid solutions chemical potential Gibbs free energy interatomic bonds phase diagrams single-component systems thermodynamics THERMODYNAMICS is a branch...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420015
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... Abstract This chapter describes the physical characteristics, properties, and behaviors of solid solutions under equilibrium conditions. It begins with a review of a single-component pure metal system and its unary phase diagram. It then examines the solid solution formed by copper and nickel...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630071
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... Abstract In order to understand how various types of single-load fractures are caused, one must understand the forces acting on the metals and also the characteristics of the metals themselves. All fractures are caused by stresses. Stress systems are best studied by examining free-body diagrams...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... Abstract In embedded systems, the separation between system level, board level, and individual component level failure analysis is slowly disappearing. In order to localize the initial defect area, prepare the sample for root cause analysis, and image the exact root cause, the overall...
Book Chapter

By Thomas Yelich, Eren Billur
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smff.t53400145
EISBN: 978-1-62708-316-4
... with the major components labeled. Source: Ref 10.2 , 10.3 Drive Types Depending on the application, a mechanical press may have a simple or complex drive system with the following common components ( Ref 10.1 ): An electric motor that drives the flywheel continuously to store energy...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310281
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
...). Four specific types of calculation can be performed using Thermo-Calc, although the range of problems to which these can be applied is broader: Single-Point Equilibria : The temperature, pressure, composition/activity of a component (or the amount of a phase) are fixed and the stable or meta...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420073
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... Abstract This chapter discusses the unique characteristics of isomorphous alloy systems. It begins with a review of the naming conventions for multi-component systems and the construction of a three-dimensional phase diagram for a two-component alloy system. It explains how phase diagrams can...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sfa.t52780047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-268-6
... Events For every command event in the fault tree, the failure analysis team should ask, “Is this a state-of-the-part event, or is this a state-of-the-system event?” A state-of-the-part event means that a single component failure can induce the condition. It does not mean that the single...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hisppa.t56110123
EISBN: 978-1-62708-483-3
... in the temperature range from 300 to 3300 °C (570 to 5970 °F) is shown in Fig. 10.6 . Again, this system would be approaching its low-temperature operational limit and thus requires careful calibration for an induction soldering process. Fig. 10.5 KTRD series digital infrared (single-color) pyrometer...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pdub.t53420239
EISBN: 978-1-62708-310-2
... of phase diagrams. A simple XRD pattern can be used for phase identification. X-ray diffraction can also be used for the establishment of the loci of phase boundaries. For instance, in a two-component system, lattice parameters can vary with composition within a single-phase region but are invariant...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sfa.t52780035
EISBN: 978-1-62708-268-6
... it. Several fault-tree analysis concepts are emphasized at this point: The fault-tree analysis is a technique that focuses on a single top undesired event. This is the thing that should not happen, and, as mentioned previously, it is the problem to be fixed or prevented. The system can fail to do what...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... in that direction, as may a transverse or annular groove in the transverse shear stress direction. For explanation, see Fig. 1(b) in Chapter 7, “Stress Systems Related to Single-Load Fracture of Ductile and Brittle Metals,” in this book. Compression In pure compression, the compressive stress is uniform...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2025
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aet2.t59420063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-487-1
... Abstract In this chapter, the fundamental concepts of different types of extrusion presses and major press components are discussed. An outline of the recently integrated system, from billet furnaces and log shears to age ovens and stacking equipment to control the entire manufacturing process...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.jub.t53290243
EISBN: 978-1-62708-306-5
... cohesive and adhesive failure modes. Source: Ref 9.1 9.6 Adhesive Selection The characteristics of the most important synthetic adhesive systems are ( Ref 9.5 , p 785): Anaerobic: Single-component thermosetting acrylic-based adhesive. Cures by free radical mechanism at room temperature...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sfa.t52780001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-268-6
..., or the Challenger accident in which an O-ring failed). Some involve interfaces between parts (for example, the Apache helicopter blade failures in which the bonded interface failed). In other system failures, no single component fails, yet the system fails (for example, the laser targeting system or the municipal...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hisppa.t56110067
EISBN: 978-1-62708-483-3
... converters. These systems can operate at both medium-frequency (MF) and high-frequency (HF) ranges, so that the subdivision of equipment into MF and HF applications is served by a single system ( Ref 5.2 ). The transistorization of induction heating systems also made it possible to supply power using...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.t52860035
EISBN: 978-1-62708-338-6
... analysis. For axisymmetric systems, it is often more useful and flexible to export 2-D thickness, shape, and angle data relating to a longitudinal section, because the analysis may often have to consider modeling features other than the winding in the final component assembly. Nonaxisymmetric Components...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230151
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... 1971 The fact that beryllium has the highest specific heat of any metal is a property that promotes beryllium application in a variety of components where heat absorption is very important. Examples are found among electro-optical devices such as position sensors and inertial guidance systems...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sfa.t52780019
EISBN: 978-1-62708-268-6
... be to transport people or freight, it may be to launch a projectile, or it may be to manufacture a product. Consider these examples: The automobile is a transportation system. This system is a collection of both parts (the various components that make up the automobile, such as pistons, rings, battery...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... the degrees of freedom; and C is the number of components in the system. Usually, a component, C , is an alloying element, compound, or solution in the system. The degrees of freedom, F , is the number of variables (pressure, temperature, and composition) that can be changed independently without...