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silver ternary system
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Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
... phase. This alloy system forms the basis of the widely used ternary, quaternary, and quinary silver-base brazes, although it is sometimes used on its own. Fig. 2.2 Silver-copper phase diagram Silver-copper eutectic is a malleable alloy and can be readily worked into a wide variety...
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of families of brazing alloys that one is likely to encounter in a manufacturing environment. It discusses the metallurgical aspects of brazing and includes a survey of brazing alloy systems. A discussion of deleterious and beneficial impurities is provided with examples. The chapter also describes the application of phase diagrams to brazing.
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Soldering
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ps.t62440049
EISBN: 978-1-62708-352-2
... Silver-tin phase diagram Fig. 2.10 Antimony-tin phase diagram Fig. 2.11 Silver-lead phase diagram Fig. 2.12 Indium-lead phase diagram Fig. 2.13 Liquidus surface of the Pb-Sb-Sn system Fig. 2.14 Liquidus surface of the Ag-Cu-Sn system. Adapted from Petzow...
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview and survey of solder alloy systems. Extensive reference is made to phase diagrams and their interpretation. The chapter describes the effect of metallic impurities on different solders. The chapter concludes with a review of the key characteristics of eutectic alloys and of the factors most effective at depressing the melting point of solders by eutectic alloying.
Image
Published: 01 April 2004
Fig. 2.54 Vertical section through the Ag-Au-Sn ternary system between eutectic silver-tin solder (Ag-96.5Sn) and gold. The plan view of this section is marked by the dashed line in Fig. 2.53 .
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Book: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230189
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
...-copper ternary alloy system arises from three metallurgical phenomena: Work hardening: Although pure gold will recover and anneal at room temperature, alloys with copper and silver do so only at greatly elevated temperature. Therefore, any cold work imparted to the ternary alloy in the process...
Abstract
Brazes for carat gold jewelry must meet or exceed the fineness/caratage of the component piece parts of the assembly in order for it to meet the national fineness/caratage standards and marking or hallmarking regulations for jewelry. This chapter concentrates on brazes for gold jewelry. It provides understanding of the metallurgy of gold jewelry alloys and includes a discussion of brazes for carat gold jewelry. The chapter also provides information on traditional gold jewelry brazes, the target properties of filler metals for carat gold jewelry and describes the characteristics of novel 22 carat gold solders.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170596
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
..., such as slip rings. The various types of silver-base contact alloys include: Binary, ternary, and multicomponent silver alloys such as silver-cadmium, silver-copper, silver-copper-nickel, or silver-cadmium-nickel contact materials Composite silver-base materials with refractory constituents...
Abstract
This article explains how alloying elements affect the properties and behaviors of electrical contacts. It describes the composition, strength, hardness, and conductivity of a wide range of contact alloys and composites based on silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium, tungsten, and molybdenum, and related oxides and carbides.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480031
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
... level and is said to be stable. However, some special diagrams do show intermediate and metastable phases. Most phase diagrams involve only two (binary) or three (ternary) components. Compositions in binary systems are frequently shown in both weight and atomic percents, and temperatures are usually...
Abstract
This chapter describes the structures, phases, and phase transformations observed in metals and alloys as they solidify and cool to lower temperatures. It begins with a review of the solidification process, covering nucleation, grain growth, and the factors that influence grain morphology. It then discusses the concept of solid solutions, the difference between substitutional and interstitial solid solubility, the effect of alloying elements, and the development of intermetallic phases. The chapter also covers the construction and use of binary and ternary phase diagrams and describes the helpful information they contain.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
.... The presence of intermediate phases is also described. Finally, a brief section provides some information on ternary phase diagrams. phase diagrams eutectic alloy system aluminum-silicon eutectic system lead-tin eutectic system free energy curves peritectic reactions monotectic reactions solid...
Abstract
Phase diagrams are graphical representations that show the phases present in the material at various compositions, temperatures, and pressures. This chapter begins with a section describing the construction of phase diagrams for the simple binary isomorphous system. A binary phase diagram can be used to determine three important types of information: the phases that are present, the composition of the phases, and the percentages or fractions of the phases. The chapter then describes the construction of one common type of binary phase diagram i.e., the eutectic alloy system. The major eutectic systems include the aluminum-silicon eutectic system and the lead-tin eutectic system. The chapter discusses the construction of eutectic phase diagrams from free energy curves. It also provides information on peritectic, monotectic, and solid-state reactions in alloy systems. The presence of intermediate phases is also described. Finally, a brief section provides some information on ternary phase diagrams.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170528
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... and the amounts and combinations in which they are found. lead alloys tin alloys tin-based bearing alloys tin-lead solders Composition Introduction and Overview Lead and tin are low melting point metals that are often alloyed together. For example, solders in the tin-lead system are the most...
Abstract
This article examines the role of alloying in the production and use of lead and tin. It describes the various categories and grades of lead and lead-base alloys along with their nominal compositions and corresponding UNS numbers. It also discusses the composition and properties of lead used in battery grids, type metals, and bearings. It, likewise, discusses the use of tin in various types of solder and in bearings and provides composition and property data for application-specific designations and grades. The article also discusses the effect of impurities in tin-lead solders and the amounts and combinations in which they are found.
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Soldering
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ps.t62440189
EISBN: 978-1-62708-352-2
... for paste is typically only of the order of 1.1 to 1. 5.1.4 Silver-Copper-Tin Ternary Phase Equilibria Because of the importance of silver-copper-tin alloys to lead-free soldering technology, it is imperative to have a reliable determination of the constitution of the silver-copper-tin phase diagram...
Abstract
This chapter presents several materials and processes related to soldering technology. It first provides information on lead-free solders, followed by sections devoted to flip-chip processes, diffusion soldering, and modeling. Scanning acoustic microscopy and fine-focus x-ray techniques are also discussed. The chapter describes several evaluation procedures and tests developed to measure solderability and standards for process calibration. The chapter also describes the characteristics of reinforced solders, amalgams used as solders, and other strategies to boost the strength of solders. Further, the chapter considers methods for quantifying the mechanical integrity of joints and predicting their dimensional stability under specified environmental conditions. It discusses the effects of rare earth elements on the properties of solders. The chapter concludes with information on advanced joint characterization techniques.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230179
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... . 15.1 Beryllium-Silver (Ag-Be) Figure 15.1 . This system has one incongruent melting compound, AgBe 2 . The compound melts peritectically at a temperature of 1010 °C (1850 °F), and it decomposes at temperatures below 760 °C (1400 °F). The eutectic between this compound and pure silver is at 880...
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230207
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
... and thermal conductivity Ability to tightly control edge spillage of the molten filler and even prevent it altogether An alloy system suitable for diffusion brazing should have the following characteristics: It should be based on a simple alloy binary or ternary system to keep the joint design...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240597
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... Abstract This chapter discusses the compositions, properties, and applications of nonferrous metals, including zirconium, hafnium, beryllium, lead, tin, gold, silver, and platinum group metals. It also addresses fusible alloys and provides melting temperatures for several compositions...
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230221
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
... concomitantly reduces the activity of titanium. On the other hand, certain ternary additions such as silver, indium, and tin, in which titanium has a much lower solubility, help to partially restore the activity of this active element [ Nicholas and Peteves 1994 ]. With respect to the silver-copper-titanium...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the processes involved in the wetting, spreading, and chemical interaction of a braze on a nonmetal. The chapter reviews the key materials and process issues relating to the joining of nonmetals using active brazing. Emphasis is placed on the differences in brazing to metals by established methods. The chapter also describes the designing process and properties of metal/nonmetal joints.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.phtbp.t59310351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-326-3
... to improve the fluidity during casting, is thus an alloying constituent in casting alloys. The commercial heat treatable aluminum alloys are, with few exceptions, based on ternary or quaternary systems with respect to the solutes involved in developing strength by precipitation. Commercial alloys whose...
Abstract
The term heat treatable alloys is used in reference to alloys that can be hardened by heat treatment, and this chapter briefly describes the major types of heat treatable nonferrous alloys. The discussion provides a general description of annealing cold-worked metals and describes some of the common nonferrous alloys that can be hardened through heat treatment. The nonferrous alloys covered include aluminum alloys, cobalt alloys, copper alloys, magnesium alloys, nickel alloys, and titanium alloys.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230151
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... iron impurity is necessary for the ternary compound to be stable in the ternary system Be-Fe-Al. Detailed investigation of the beryllium-rich corner of this ternary system was performed by Myers and Smugeresky [1976 , 1978] . Their conclusion was that the aluminum-iron ratio for ternary compound...
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the physical metallurgy of beryllium, discussing phases and phase transformations, physical and mechanical properties, heat treatment, and alloying. It explains how the atomic structure of beryllium, particularly its sp hybrid state, contributes to the anisotropy of elastic constants and slip properties, resulting in a specific stiffness, or modulus-to-density ratio, six times higher than that of any other structural material.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060333
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... to approximately 600 °C (1110 °F). This difference relates to the type of precipitation reaction employed. The cobalt-tungsten and cobalt-molybdenum alloy systems possess a eutectoid decomposition of a low-temperature phase and are therefore amenable to heat treatment. This applies especially to the ternary...
Abstract
Nonferrous alloys are heat treated for a variety of reasons. Heat treating can reduce internal stresses, redistribute alloying elements, promote grain formation and growth, produce new phases, and alter surface chemistry. This chapter describes heat treatment processes and how nonferrous alloys respond to them. It provides information on aluminum, cobalt, copper, magnesium, nickel, and titanium alloys and their composition, microstructure, properties, and processing characteristics.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mnm2.t53060315
EISBN: 978-1-62708-261-7
... hardenability requirements. Other alloying applications of manganese include specialty nonferrous alloys, such as manganese-copper and manganese-containing brasses, bronzes, and some nickel silvers. Pure manganese by itself is too brittle for structural applications. It oxidizes easily and rusts rapidly...
Abstract
Nonferrous metals are of commercial interest both as engineering materials and as alloying agents. This chapter addresses both roles, discussing the properties, processing characteristics, and applications of several categories of nonferrous metals, including light metals, corrosion-resistance alloys, superalloys, refractory metals, low-melting-point metals, reactive metals, precious metals, rare earth metals, and metalloids or semimetals. It also provides a brief summary on special-purpose materials, including uranium, vanadium, magnetic alloys, and thermocouple materials.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230401
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... to the weld. Precipitates at the grain boundaries cause intergranular microcracking in welds. These precipitates are binary or ternary compounds associated with impurities in the beryllium. These impurities include aluminum, iron, and silicon. Fig. 23.2 Aluminum-beryllium phase diagram. Source...
Abstract
Beryllium has been successfully joined by fusion welding, brazing, solid-state bonding, and soldering. This chapter describes these processes in detail along with their advantages and disadvantages. It also addresses application considerations such as surface preparation, joint design, and testing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... are ternary alloys of copper, zinc, and nickel with compositions of 50 to 70 wt% Cu, 5 to 40 wt% Zn, and 5 to 30 wt% Ni. As a result of their silver color, they are called nickel silvers. Depending on the number of phases present, nickel silvers can be divided into single-phase and two-phase alloys...
Abstract
Copper is often used in the unalloyed form because pure copper is more conductive than copper alloys. Alloying elements are added to optimize strength, ductility, and thermal stability, with little negative effect on other properties such as conductivity, fabricability, and corrosion resistance. This chapter covers the classification, composition, properties, and applications of copper alloys, including brasses, bronzes, copper-nickel, beryllium-copper, and casting alloys. It also examines wrought copper alloys and pure coppers. The chapter begins with an overview of the copper production process and concludes with a discussion on corrosion resistance.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
..., silicon, and nickel affect the physical and mechanical properties of coppers and high-copper alloys as well as brasses, bronzes, copper-nickels, and nickel silvers. It also explains how alloying affects electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, stress-corrosion cracking, and processing...
Abstract
This article discusses the composition, properties, and behaviors of copper and its alloys. It begins with an overview of the characteristics, applications, and commercial grades of wrought and cast copper. It then discusses the role of alloying, explaining how zinc, tin, aluminum, silicon, and nickel affect the physical and mechanical properties of coppers and high-copper alloys as well as brasses, bronzes, copper-nickels, and nickel silvers. It also explains how alloying affects electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, stress-corrosion cracking, and processing characteristics.
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