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silver plating
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in Biotribology
> Tribomaterials: Properties and Selection for Friction, Wear, and Erosion Applications
Published: 30 April 2021
Fig. 13.13 Corrosion on nickel-silver eyewear frames. The shiny area is gold plating. 50× optical magnification
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270074
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
.... The orifice of some of the pads got completely covered by smeared copper. The pads had rubbed heavily against the surface of the cam plate. The original silver plating on the pads was completely missing. The copper layer from the cam plate could not be removed because it had been welded ( Fig. CH5.2...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the key findings of an investigation into the failure of an aircraft engine fuel pump. It explains how investigators came to the conclusion that metal slivers from a heavily worn spring may have interrupted the flow of lubricant to one of the slipper pads, causing adhesive wear and the welding of slipper pad material onto the surface of a mating cam plate. Excessive friction between the slipper pads and cam plate, in turn, created a torsional overload that caused the camshaft to break. The chapter presents SEM images showing the wear pattern on one of the springs along with photographs of the damaged slipper pads and cam plate. It also includes an image of a copper flake found in one of the pistons and discusses the results of qualitative x-ray chemical analysis.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1984
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mpp.t67850538
EISBN: 978-1-62708-260-0
... Abstract This appendix lists plating solutions and procedures used in metallographic edge preparation. copper plating edge preparation nickel plating silver plating iron plating Electroless Nickel Electroless nickel is the most commonly used plating material in metallographic...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270128
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... transition region on the convex side of the airfoil. Background A blade on the first stage of the compressor of an aircraft engine failed. Pertinent Specifications The blade was forged out of U961W material and heat treated as per schedule. It was Ni-Cd plated on the airfoil, silver plated...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the failure of a first-stage compressor blade in an aircraft engine and explains how investigators determined that it was caused by fatigue, with a crack originating from corrosion pits that developed in the root transition region on the convex side of the airfoil.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790193
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... steel was known either as cutlery steel or stainless steel. He arranged to have each blade stamped with the words “Firth-Brearley Stainless Steel,” a practice that lasted for ten years. Although Brearley’s steel was used for carving knives, sterling silver and silver plate were preferred for forks...
Abstract
Stainless steels have a wide variety of applications for household products, food-handling equipment, major appliances, medical equipment, and industrial equipment. Stainless is also featured in many architectural designs and monuments. Many of the most important applications of stainless steel can be found in the transportation industry, where both the cutlery martensitic and the chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels have been used. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on these applications.
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t5123000x
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
... ]. Sheffield plate is produced by rolling together a plate of copper sandwiched between two thin sheets of silver. The pressed assembly is heated in air using a small amount of flux at the edges to prevent oxidation. Above the silver-copper eutectic temperature of 780 °C (1436 °F), diffusion during heating...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... process. Soft metallic platings also have utility in improving wear properties of materials. It was previously mentioned that silver plating is often used to prevent galling on threaded members used at elevated temperatures. The soft silver separates the substrates; when motion is required, the silver...
Abstract
This chapter covers coatings and treatments that are used to improve the friction and wear behaviors of materials. It describes modifications that work by hardening contacting surfaces, including heat treating, vacuum coating, thermal spray, and plating, and those that separate or lubricate surfaces, including solid film, chemical conversion, and vacuum coatings, surface oiling and texturing, and lubricating platings. It compares and contrasts methods based on thickness and depth and their relative effect on friction, erosion, and wear.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... fasteners may be the costliest galling problem. It is so pervasive that many types of proprietary thread lubricants have been developed (most are greases containing metal powders that separate surfaces) as well as surface treatments (e.g., plasma spraying) and coating (e.g., silver plating). A solution...
Abstract
This chapter covers the tribological properties of stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It describes the metallurgy and microstructure of the basic types of stainless steel and their suitability for friction and wear applications and in environments where they are subjected to liquid, droplet, and solid particle erosion. It also discusses the tribology of nickel- and cobalt-base alloys as well as titanium, zinc, tin, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, graphite, and different types of wood.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pnfn.t65900163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-350-8
... for gas nitriding: electroplating and paint-on methods. Electroplating One method of selective gas nitriding is to plate the areas to be stopped-off using copper or bronze. Nickel and silver are also effective but costly, restricting their use to special applications. Copper plating is perhaps most...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230401
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... of centerline cracking in autogenous beryllium weldments [ Cotton and Field 1997 ]. Centerline fusion-zone cracks were generated in rolled ingot-grade beryllium plates measuring 6.35 mm thick by 75 mm by 25 mm (0.25 by 3 by 1 in.). The fusion zone was formed by electron beam welding along the center...
Abstract
Beryllium has been successfully joined by fusion welding, brazing, solid-state bonding, and soldering. This chapter describes these processes in detail along with their advantages and disadvantages. It also addresses application considerations such as surface preparation, joint design, and testing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ems.t53730149
EISBN: 978-1-62708-283-9
.... Recycling these materials, the user can reduce the environmental impact and save reprocessing and disposal costs. Photographic film, plates, and paper; electrical and electronic parts; jewelry; and spent catalysts are sources of silver for recycling. It is estimated that 26% of the annual usage...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120123
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
... that can inhibit subsequent corrosion. Matte gray or dull silver surface finishes can also be observed in reducing acid exposures involving severe corrosion attack. In reducing media, these are titanium hydride surface films that are typically on the order of 50 μm thick. Galvanic Corrosion Coupling...
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are used chiefly for their high strength-to-weight ratio, but they also have excellent corrosion resistance, better even than stainless steels. Titanium, as the chapter explains, is protected by a tenacious oxide film that forms rapidly on exposed surfaces. The chapter discusses the factors that influence the growth and quality of this naturally passivating film, particularly the role of oxidizing and inhibiting species, temperature, and alloying elements. It also discusses the effect of different corrosion processes and environments as well as hydrogen, stress-corrosion cracking, liquid metal embrittlement, and surface treatments.
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
..., but an absence of spreading does not automatically imply a lack of wetting. For example, silver brazes, such as the 44Ag-30Cu-26Zn alloy, exhibit greatly superior spreading on mild steels than do silver-free brazes, such as 54Cu-35Zn-6Ni-4Mn-1Si, but the wetting and adhesion to the steel parts are comparable...
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of families of brazing alloys that one is likely to encounter in a manufacturing environment. It discusses the metallurgical aspects of brazing and includes a survey of brazing alloy systems. A discussion of deleterious and beneficial impurities is provided with examples. The chapter also describes the application of phase diagrams to brazing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... traditionally been called nickel silvers in the United States because they were used for silver-plated tableware. If the silver plate wears through, then these alloys could match the silver in color. They are ductile with higher strength than many copper alloys. Pure Copper and other High-Copper Alloys...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240597
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... Abstract This chapter discusses the compositions, properties, and applications of nonferrous metals, including zirconium, hafnium, beryllium, lead, tin, gold, silver, and platinum group metals. It also addresses fusible alloys and provides melting temperatures for several compositions...
Book: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230189
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
... carat gold solders. brazing carat filler metals gold alloys gold jewelry gold solders silver jewelry silverware BRAZES FOR JEWELRY, silverware, and objets d’art merit separate consideration from industrial brazing alloys because, in addition to providing joints that are mechanically...
Abstract
Brazes for carat gold jewelry must meet or exceed the fineness/caratage of the component piece parts of the assembly in order for it to meet the national fineness/caratage standards and marking or hallmarking regulations for jewelry. This chapter concentrates on brazes for gold jewelry. It provides understanding of the metallurgy of gold jewelry alloys and includes a discussion of brazes for carat gold jewelry. The chapter also provides information on traditional gold jewelry brazes, the target properties of filler metals for carat gold jewelry and describes the characteristics of novel 22 carat gold solders.
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Soldering
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ps.t62440189
EISBN: 978-1-62708-352-2
... conductivity (77 W/m · K) than high-lead solders, lower thermal expansivity (20 × 10 –6 /K), and, moreover, foil can be produced by hot rolling at 250 °C (482 °F). Fluxless attachment of gold-metallized silicon die to silver-plated copper leadframes has been demonstrated with this solder using a die-bonding...
Abstract
This chapter presents several materials and processes related to soldering technology. It first provides information on lead-free solders, followed by sections devoted to flip-chip processes, diffusion soldering, and modeling. Scanning acoustic microscopy and fine-focus x-ray techniques are also discussed. The chapter describes several evaluation procedures and tests developed to measure solderability and standards for process calibration. The chapter also describes the characteristics of reinforced solders, amalgams used as solders, and other strategies to boost the strength of solders. Further, the chapter considers methods for quantifying the mechanical integrity of joints and predicting their dimensional stability under specified environmental conditions. It discusses the effects of rare earth elements on the properties of solders. The chapter concludes with information on advanced joint characterization techniques.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.secwr.t68350183
EISBN: 978-1-62708-315-7
... PFA or FEP polymer coatings 10 −8 Silver plate HVOF, high-velocity oxyfuel; PVD, plasma vapor deposition; CVD, chemical vapor deposition; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene; PFA, perfluoro alkoxy alkaline; FEP, fluorinated ethylene propylene. Copyright AEA Technology plc; used with permission...
Abstract
This chapter compares and contrasts surface-engineering processes based on process availability, corrosion and wear performance, distortion effects, penetration depth or attainable coating thickness, and cost. It provides both quantitative and qualitative information as well as measured property values.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110144
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... fuming nitric is used to finish the etch exposing the die. The extremely low moisture content of the red fuming nitric inhibits corrosion of aluminum bond pads and aluminum wires but is only used on a hot plate due to rapid vaporization at the etch temperature of 70°C. The bonds and pads must...
Abstract
The orientation of the devices within a package determine the best chosen approach for access to a select component embedded in epoxy both in package or System in Package and multi-chip module (MCM). This article assists the analyst in making decisions on frontside access using flat lapping, chemical decapsulation, laser ablation, plasma reactive ion etching (RIE), CNC based milling and polishing, or a combination of these coupled with optical or electrical endpoint means. This article discusses the general characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each of these techniques. It also presents a case study illustrating the application of CNC milling to isolate MCM leakage failure.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170528
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
...-acid storage batteries (in the grid plates, posts, and connector straps), ammunition, cable sheathing, and building construction materials (such as sheet, pipe, solder, and wool for caulking). Other important applications include counterweights, battery clamps and other cast products such as: bearings...
Abstract
This article examines the role of alloying in the production and use of lead and tin. It describes the various categories and grades of lead and lead-base alloys along with their nominal compositions and corresponding UNS numbers. It also discusses the composition and properties of lead used in battery grids, type metals, and bearings. It, likewise, discusses the use of tin in various types of solder and in bearings and provides composition and property data for application-specific designations and grades. The article also discusses the effect of impurities in tin-lead solders and the amounts and combinations in which they are found.
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