Fig. 9.23 Ferrite (light) and pearlite (dark) bands in 1020 steel hot-rolled plate. Light micrograph, longitudinal section, nital etch. Courtesy of S.W. Thompson. Source: Ref 9.61 More

Fig. 5.3 (Part 2) (d) 0.14C-0.16Si-1.0Mn (wt%). Hot-rolled plate, longitudinal section. 2% nital. 100×. (e) 0.14C-0.16Si-1.0Mn (wt%). Hot-rolled plate, longitudinal section. 2% nital. 500×. More

Fig. 5.9 (Part 1) Niobium-containing high-strength 0.15%C-1.4%Mn-0.05Nb rolled plate 12 mm thick (0.16C-0.04Si-1.43Mn-0.04Nb, wt%). Material is shown in the as-rolled condition in Fig. 5.8 (Part 2) (e) and (f) . (a) Austenitized at 900 °C; cooled in air. 165 HV. Picral. 100×. (b More

Fig. 5.14 (Part 1) Through-thickness ductility of lamellar tearing in rolled plate. (a) Lamellar tear adjacent to a highly restrained fillet weld. Nitric-acetic acid. 1×. (b) Lamellar tear along a central segregate containing numerous elongated manganese sulfide inclusions. Unetched. 100 More

Fig. 5.16 (Part 1) Ferrite-pearlite banding. (a) As-rolled plate, longitudinal section. Picral. 100×. (b) 0.25% C, rolled plate (0.25C-0.34Si-1.75Mn-0.24Cr, wt%). As-rolled plate, longitudinal section. 180 HV. Picral. 250×. (c) 0.25% C, as-rolled bar, longitudinal section (0.23C-0.01Si More

Fig. 5.16 (Part 2) Ferrite-pearlite banding. (a) As-rolled plate, longitudinal section. Picral. 100×. (b) 0.25% C, rolled plate (0.25C-0.34Si-1.75Mn-0.24Cr, wt%). As-rolled plate, longitudinal section. 180 HV. Picral. 250×. (c) 0.25% C, as-rolled bar, longitudinal section (0.23C-0.01 Si More

Fig. 11.16 Sulfur print of a thick rolled plate of structural steel WStE355. Section transverse to the main rolling direction, region corresponding to the top of the conventional ingot used to roll the plate, in mid-width. Some concentration of sulfides can be seen, elongated in the transverse More

Fig. 11.25 Longitudinal cross section of a hot rolled plate of medium carbon steel, treated with calcium in the liquid state to achieve inclusion globularization. In this case, the inclusions are classified as globular oxides according to ASTM E45, severity 1.5, fine series. Courtesy More

Fig. 7 Relative resistance to SCC of rolled plate in several high-strength aluminum alloys. The highest sustained tension stress that did not cause failure was obtained from the bottom limit of a band drawn similar to those in Fig. 4 . Arrows indicate no stress-corrosion failure at highest More

Fig. A6.2 ASTM crack plane orientation identification code for rolled plate. L, length, longitudinal, principal direction of metal working (rolling, extrusion, axis of forging); T, width, long-transverse grain direction; S, thickness, short-transverse grain direction. First letter: normal More

Fig. 9.6 Typical rolling mill designs used in rolling plate, sheet, strip, and foil More

Fig. 5.8 (Part 2) (e) 0.16C-0.04Si-1.43Mn-0.04Nb (wt%). As-rolled 12 mm plate; finish rolled at an intermediate temperature. 190 HV. Picral. 100×. (f) 0.16C-0.04Si-1.43Mn-0.04Nb (wt%). As-rolled 12 mm plate; finish rolled at an intermediate temperature. 190 HV. Picral. 1000×. (g) 0.24C More

Fig. 7.14 Ti-6Al-4V plate. Widmanstätten alpha structure in plate rolled at 1040 °C (1900 °F) in the beta field. Etchant: 10%HF-5%HNO 3 . Original magnification: 500× More

Fig. 15.20 AISI 1060 steel plate, controlled rolled. (a) One quarter thickness position; (b) mid-thickness. Pro-eutectoid ferrite and pearlite. Some acicular ferrite. Etchant: nital 2%. Courtesy of ArcelorMittal Tubarão, ES, Brazil. More

Fig. 16.28 Microstructure of UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel plate rolled and annealed for 30 min at 1050 °C (1920 °F), followed by quenching. Ferrite (dark) and austenite islands (light). The mechanical forming was done inside the two-phase field. Electrolytic etching with 30% (vol) HNO 3 More

Fig. 7.4 Microstructure of an as-rolled AISI/SAE 1020 steel plate. (a) Planar plane. (b) Longitudinal plane. 4% picral etch. 100× More

Fig. 6.9 (Part 2) (e) Plate rolled at 650 °C to 80% reduction, cooled in air. Oxalic-sulfuric acids. 1000×. (f) Plate rolled at 550 °C to 80% reduction, cooled in air. 1000×. (g) and (h) 0.15% C (0.16C-0.33Si-0.30Mn, wt%). (g) Bar extruded at 660 °C to 86% reduction, cooled in air More

Fig. 2 An unexpected guest—a rolled-in bolt that dropped onto the plate during hot rolling More

Fig. 3.13 Microstructure of a hot-rolled, high-strength microalloyed steel plate with elongated pearlite bands (dark constituent) in a ferrite matrix. 4% picral followed by 2% nital. 500× More

Fig. 3.61 Microstructure of an as-rolled ASTM A516 steel plate showing hydrogen flakes along the pearlite bands. 2% nital and 4% picral etch. (a) 50× and (b) 400× More