Fig. 6.40 Induction furnace with single-phase (left) and multiphase (right) coil connection. TM, temperature sensor More

Fig. 7.79 Section die for the production of the steel section at right. The die aperture has a heavily rounded entry. The mantle surface of the die is cylindrical, with a shoulder for location in the die holder. Source: Krupp/Hoesch, Schwerte More

Fig. 7.87 Finite element study (Left); (Source: Schloemanna) and sketch (right) of a combination dummy and cleaning block for tube extrusion. The size and shape of the shell chamber produce stress concentrations that must be limited. In this example, the maximum equivalent stress at the root More

Fig. 7.127 Left, chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-coated aluminum extrusion dies. Right, demanding heat exchanger sections in AlMgSi0.5 produced with CVD–coated dies. Source: WEFA Singen Gmbh More

Fig. 4.22. Morphologies of fractures (at left) and spikes (at right) in low-cycle fatigue specimens of Udimet 710 tested isothermally with 5-h hold times at a strain range of 2% ( Ref 63 ). Top pair: 730 °C (1350 °F); T,T morphology. Middle pair: 790 °C (1450 °F); I,M morphology. Bottom pair More

Fig. 7.10 Comparison of electrical load profiles without (left) and with (right) demand control. From W. H. Sampson, Industrial Heating , Vol 49, No. 7, July, 1982, p 10 ( Ref 10 ) More

Fig. 8.54 Mitering of square tubing to provide right-angle bends in an induction coil More

Fig. 2.4 From left to right: Section in MgAl2Zn for the production of pencil sharpeners, two sections in MgAl3Zn for warp knitting machine, and test arm sections for disc magazines. Source: Fuchs-Metallwerke More

Fig. 5.7 Die holder, left, and hollow mandrel, right, as well as the front nut of the container with the pressure nut for adjusting the hollow mandrel (See Fig. 5.6 ) (Source: Collin, Alchacht) More

Fig. 6.9 Sun pinion. (a) Basic dimensions. LH, left hand; RH, right hand; DP, diametral pitch; PA, pressure angle. (b) Photograph of sun pinion shown in part (a) More

Fig. 5.14 Mild wear (left side) and scuffing (right side) in a 1020 steel counterface after reciprocation versus 60 HRC 52100 steel in line contact More

Fig. 8.4 Hysteresis loops of typical soft (left) and hard (right) magnetic materials. Source: Ref 4 . Reprinted with permission from MPIF, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ More

Fig. 2.10 Most usual vacuum degassing processes used in steelmaking. Left to right: stream (or ladle-to-mold) degassing; ladle degassing; circulation degassing in RH reactor. More

Fig. 8.44 Solidification shrinkage in ingots. Right, an ingot without hot topping. Solidification progresses uniformly along the walls of the mold and a large primary pipe and secondary pipe can be the result of the process. Insulating and/or exothermic materials in the hot top slow down its More

Fig. 10.76 Forge weld region of a steel hoe blade. High carbon steel (to the right) welded to low carbon steel (to the left). Region not quenched. Microstructure is pearlite in the right side and ferrite and pearlite in the left side. Etchant: nital. More

Fig. 10.77 Forge weld region of a steel hoe blade. High carbon steel (to the right) welded to low carbon steel (to the left). Quenched region. Martensite and elongated nonmetallic inclusions (to the right) and ferrite, acicular ferrite and martensite (to the left). Etchant: nital. More

Fig. 1.25 Part at fracture (left) and part edge with different zones indicated (right) (similar to the schematic in Fig. 1.5 ) More

Fig. 3.18 Temperature distribution in the die (left) and punch (right) at the end of ten forming cycles. Source: Ref 3.24 More

Fig. 5.4 Initial (left) and pressurized (right) sheet in the hydraulic bulge test and geometrical/process-related parameters More

Fig. 9.32 Prototype die (left) and production dies (right). Source: Ref 9.18 , 9.19 More