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Image
in High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications
> Steels<subtitle>Processing, Structure, and Performance</subtitle>
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 15.1 Pearlitic microstructure in rail steel. Nital-etched surface, high resolution SEM micrograph, 8,000×. Courtesy EVRAZ NA
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Image
in Introduction to Steels and Cast Irons
> Metallographer’s Guide<subtitle>Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels</subtitle>
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 1.4 Micrograph of ASTM A 1 rail steel showing the fully pearlitic microstructure. Etched in 4% picral. 500×
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Image
in Alteration of Microstructure
> Metallographer’s Guide<subtitle>Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels</subtitle>
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 3.56 Microstructure of the various layers of the rail steel in Fig. 3.55 . (a) The white layer at the surface (unattacked by the etchant), (b) tempered plate martensite, (c) as-quenched plate martensite and pearlite (dark), and (d) pearlite base microstructure. 4% picral etch. 1000×
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410315
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... Abstract This chapter describes the mechanical properties of fully pearlitic microstructures and their suitability for wire and rail applications. It begins by describing the ever-increasing demands placed on rail steels and the manufacturing methods that have been developed in response...
Abstract
This chapter describes the mechanical properties of fully pearlitic microstructures and their suitability for wire and rail applications. It begins by describing the ever-increasing demands placed on rail steels and the manufacturing methods that have been developed in response. It then explains how wire drawing, patenting, and the Stelmor process affect microstructure, and describes various fracture mechanisms and how they appear on steel wire fracture surfaces. The chapter concludes by discussing the effects of torsional deformation, delamination, galvanizing, and aging on patented and drawn wires.
Image
in Engineered Special Bar Quality Steel (Engineering Steels)
> Metallography of Steels<subtitle>Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing</subtitle>
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 15.37 Sulfur prints of transverse cross sections of rails. Modern rail steels have chemical compositions and sulfur levels that give little information in sulfur prints. Print (a) corresponds to the macrograph of Fig. 15.36(b) . Print (b) corresponds to the macrograph of Fig. 15.36(c
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Image
in High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications
> Steels<subtitle>Processing, Structure, and Performance</subtitle>
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 15.5 Wear rate as a function of hardness for various rail steels tested at contact pressures of 1220 N/mm 2 and 700 N/mm 2 . Source: Ref 15.11
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Image
in The Metallographer and the Metallographic Laboratory
> Metallographer’s Guide<subtitle>Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels</subtitle>
Published: 01 March 2002
Image
in The Metallographer and the Metallographic Laboratory
> Metallographer’s Guide<subtitle>Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels</subtitle>
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 4.6 A SEM micrograph of a fully pearlitic microstructure of a steel rail. 4% picral etch. 10,000×
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Image
in The Metallographer and the Metallographic Laboratory
> Metallographer’s Guide<subtitle>Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels</subtitle>
Published: 01 March 2002
Image
in High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications
> Steels<subtitle>Processing, Structure, and Performance</subtitle>
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 15.3 Hardness as a function of pearlite interlamellar spacing for various rail steels. Source: Ref 15.11
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Image
in High-Carbon Steels—Fully Pearlitic Microstructures and Wire and Rail Applications
> Steels<subtitle>Processing, Structure, and Performance</subtitle>
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 15.4 Wear rate as a function of pearlite interlamellar spacing for various rail steels at contact pressures of 1220 N/mm 2 and 900 N/mm 2 . Source: Ref 15.11
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Image
in Overview of the Mechanisms of Failure in Heat Treated Steel Components
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 34 SEM fractograph of Fe-0.26C-2.11Si-2.27Mn-1.59Cr wt% carbide-free bainitic rail steel that has been temper embrittled by heat treatment at 500 °C for 5 h
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.msisep.t59220519
EISBN: 978-1-62708-259-4
... and/or measurement techniques. It provides information on many types of engineering steel, including medium and high-carbon steels used in rail applications. It also examines the effect of nickel-phosphorus coatings on stainless steel and phosphate coatings used to reduce friction during thread rolling and other...
Abstract
This chapter examines the microstructure of special bar quality (or engineering) steels and how it is influenced by carbon content, tempering temperature, and prior austenitic grain size. It explains how some of the changes are difficult to detect and require special etching and/or measurement techniques. It provides information on many types of engineering steel, including medium and high-carbon steels used in rail applications. It also examines the effect of nickel-phosphorus coatings on stainless steel and phosphate coatings used to reduce friction during thread rolling and other such procedures.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250219
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
... Abstract This chapter discusses the rise of steel minimills in the late 1960s through the leadership of F. Kenneth Iverson and Gerald Heffernan. The discussion covers the development of processes for flat products, flanged beams, and railroad rails. The chapter also covers the growth...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the rise of steel minimills in the late 1960s through the leadership of F. Kenneth Iverson and Gerald Heffernan. The discussion covers the development of processes for flat products, flanged beams, and railroad rails. The chapter also covers the growth of the minimill industry along with the consolidation of the industry into large corporations. The chapter ends by providing information on novel processes developed for making iron.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
... they were successfully rolled into the first steel rails made in America. The first heat of Bessemer steel was made in February 1865 at the Troy plant just five months after the heat made by Kelly’s process. However, the patents held by the Kelly Pneumatic Process Company for commercial production were...
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the evolution of steel production from 1870 to 1900. It begins with a review of the life of the inventor of the air-boiling process, William Kelly. This is followed by a discussion on how Bessemer's air-blowing process entered the steel production industry and the development of the Kelly-Bessemer process by Alexander Holley. The chapter then discusses how Andrew Carnegie lowered the cost to produce steel, how he entered the iron and steelmaking industry, and how Captain Billy Jones joined Carnegie to expand Carnegie steel. The chapter further provides information on the great strike of 1892 at Homestead and the rapid growth in steel markets. It ends with a discussion about the factors that led Carnegie to sell his steel empire.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mgppis.t60400001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-258-7
... Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) System Another system was devised by ASTM. This system is not based on composition but on the steel product and application, for example, railroad rails, boiler tubes, plate, and bolts. ASTM has devised a system of specifications that contain composition...
Abstract
This chapter introduces the metallographer to the various types of steels and cast irons and explains how they are classified and defined. Classification and designation details are provided for plain carbon steels, alloy steels, and gray, white, ductile, and malleable cast irons.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310225
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... Abstract This chapter is a detailed account of the applications of stainless steel in automotive and transport systems. The discussion covers exhaust systems, structural components, automotive components, trucks, and rail transport. stainless steel automotive exhaust systems automotive...
Abstract
This chapter is a detailed account of the applications of stainless steel in automotive and transport systems. The discussion covers exhaust systems, structural components, automotive components, trucks, and rail transport.
Image
in Engineered Special Bar Quality Steel (Engineering Steels)
> Metallography of Steels<subtitle>Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing</subtitle>
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 15.33 Transverse cross section on a hyper-eutectoid rail with approximate hardness of HB 400. The rail was hot rolled, but some residues of the dendritic structure are still visible. The transverse cross section (as discussed in Chapter 12, “Mechanical Work of Steels: Cold Working
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hss.t52790229
EISBN: 978-1-62708-356-0
... Abstract This chapter is a review of the restoration of a fleet of stainless steel railcars in Canada. railcars stainless steel THE RESTORATION of a fleet of trains had never before been contemplated, let alone attempted, but VIA Rail, the publicly owned Canadian passenger train...
Abstract
This chapter is a review of the restoration of a fleet of stainless steel railcars in Canada.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
... to the Revolutionary War. The investment totaled approximately $250,000. It remained in operation for 120 years until the new iron and steel works in Pittsburgh made it obsolete in 1880. Peter Grubb’s Cornwall Furnace was built at his mine in 1742 and remained in continuous operation until 1883 ( FIG. 2.2...
Abstract
This chapter is a chronological account of the development of ironmaking in colonial America from 1645 to 1870. The discussion covers the spread of ironmaking in many of the colonies in the northeast, canal building in Pennsylvania, the replacement of charcoal by anthracite coal in ironmaking, the life of ironmaking pioneer John Fritz, and the rapid increase in ironmaking for the railroads.
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