Fig. 4.1 (Part 1) High-purity irons. (a) to (d) NPL-BISRA high-purity hot-rolled iron bar. 0.0026C-0.003Si-0.004Mn-0.0016O-0.0018N (wt%). (a) 76 HV. 1% nital. 100×. (b) 76 HV. Picral. 2000×. (c) 76 HV. 3% nital. 250×. (d) Annealed from 925 °C. 72 HV. Picral. 2000×. (e) to (h More

Fig. 9.18 (Part 3) (i) Variation in M s temperature with carbon content of high-purity iron-carbon alloys. The regimes of the lath and plate morphologies of martensite are also indicated. After Ref 20 . More

Fig. 12.1 (Part 2) (e) and (f) 0.1% high-purity alloy (0.11C-0.0006Si-0.0009Mn, wt%). (e) Oxidized at 550 °C for 95 h (annealed surface). Picral. 500×. (f) Oxidized at 550 °C for 95 h (abraded surface). Picral. 500×. (g) and (h) 0.5% C high-purity alloy (0.50C-0.004Si-0.0009Mn, wt More

Fig. 12.4 (Part 1) Oxide scale formed at 700 °C. High-purity 1%C (0.99C-0.003Si-0.0005Mn, wt%). Austenitized at 950 °C, cooled slowly, oxidized at 700 °C in pure dry oxygen for (magnification shown in parentheses): (a) 2 min (2000×). (b) 1 h (750×). (c) 20 h (500×), and (d) 20 h (500×). More

Fig. 12.4 (Part 2) Oxide scale formed at 700 °C. High-purity 1% C (0.99C-0.003Si-0.0005Mn, wt%). Austenitized at 950 °C, cooled slowly, oxidized at 700 °C in pure dry oxygen for (magnification shown in parentheses): (a) 2 min (2000×). (b) 1 h (750×). (c) 20 h (500×), and (d) 20 h (500×). More

Fig. 6.4 Effects of average plant water purity shown in field correlations of the core-component cracking behavior for (a) stainless steel IRM/SRM instrumentation dry tubes, and (b) creviced stainless steel safe ends (C) creviced Inconel 600 shroud-head bolts, also showing the predicted More

Fig. 6.13 Comparison of D-STEM analysis data ( Ref 6.45 ) from commercial-purity type 348 and high-purity type 348 stainless steels irradiated to various fluences in a BWR. These data generally agree with the AES data in Fig. 6.12 on the identical materials. Source: Ref 6.1 More

Fig. 10 Typical fretting marks on a high-purity aluminum cylinder More

Fig. 2.39 SEM fractographs of the tensile test fracture surface of a high-purity, coarse-grained Al-4.2Cu alloy with (a) intergranular facets at low magnification (10×) and (b) uniform dimples on one facet at higher magnification (67×). The microstructure indicated alloy depletion at the grain More

Fig. 5.4 Twinning in high-purity titanium. The twins are the needlelike bands in the grains. In some instances, the twins extend entirely across a grain. Etchant: 10%HF-5%HNO 3 . Original magnification: 250x More

Fig. 10.33 High-purity alumina is sintered with different dopants at increasing concentrations to show that densification improves with magnesia but is hindered with calcia. Source: Bae and Baik ( Ref 19 ) More

Fig. 2 Flow diagram for statistical quality test for purity acceptance More

Fig. 12.6 Microstructures of commercial purity titanium with and without interstitial oxygen or nitrogen. (a) Relatively pure titanium, 150×. (b) Ti-0.3 wt% O alloy obtained after annealing in the beta region then cooling to 25 °C (77 °F), 150×. (c) Ti-0.3 wt% N alloy, 150×. All optical More

Fig. 8.27. Results of stress-rupture tests of superclean and conventional-purity LP rotor forgings ( Ref 81 ). More

Fig. 3.66 Cyclic oxidation resistance of the normal purity Ni-20Cr-12Al (30 to 40 ppm S), the high-purity Ni-20Cr-12Al (1 to 2 ppm S) and the normal purity Ni-20Cr-12Al-Y at 1180 °C. Source: Ref 96 More

Fig. 4 Cross sections of partial penetration gas-tungsten arc welds in high-purity Fe-28Cr-2Mo ferritic stainless steel. (a) Weld in warm-rolled sheet. (b) Weld in sheet which was preweld annealed at 1040 °C (1900 °F) for 60 min. Etched in 40% nitric acid electroetch. 11× More

Fig. 9 Effect of alloy purity (interstitial element content) and stabilizer content (values given in parts per million) on the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of ferritic stainless steels. AC, air cooled; WQ, water quenched. Source: Ref 12 More

Fig. 10 Notch toughness (a) of a gas-tungsten arc welded high-purity ferritic stainless steel (6 mm, or 1 4 in., thick E-Brite 26-1 plate) vs. that of a titanium-stabilized alloy (3 mm, or 1 8 in., thick 26-1 Ti plate), (b) Charpy V-notch toughness of shielded More

Figure 4.23 Relative change in thermal resistivity of a high-purity copper (RRR = 1500) as a function of longitudinal magnetic field at low temperatures ( Sparks, 1975 ). More