Fig. 4.27 Application of cellophane tape over a macrograph to which printing ink has been previously applied. Courtesy of J. Casey, Dofasco, Canada. More

Fig. 11.8 Induction heating arrangement used to strip 152-cm (60-in.) printing rolls Source: American Induction Heating Corp. More

Fig. 4.16 Sulfur print of a steel rail showing regions of sulfur segregation. 1× More

Fig. 4.29 The making of an intaglio print from a macrograph, using a graphics art press. Courtesy of J. Casey, Dofasco, Canada. More

Fig. 8.2 Practical examples of three-dimensional-printed products using the cold gas dynamic spray process. (a) Prototype machine component. (b) Titanium seamless heat pipes. (c) Titanium machine components. Source: Ref 8.27 , 8.28 More

Fig. 8.47 Sulfur print of the transverse section of a steel ingot with many bubbles close to the surface (the border or “rim” of the print). In this steel, sulfides are formed in a region closer to the ingot center, because the segregated liquid has been pushed from the interdendritic regions More

Fig. 8.64 (a) Sulfur print of the transverse plane of a continuous cast low-carbon steel plate, with chemical composition close to the peritectic point (C = 0.13%, Mn = 0.65%, S = 0.010%, P = 0.017%). Discontinuous central segregation as well as small defects indicated by the lines drawn over More

Fig. 8.65 Portion of a sulfur print taken from the transverse section of a continuous cast slab of low-carbon steel, with the chemical composition close to the peritectic. Small nonmetallic inclusions and “pinholes” (small bubbles) in the small radius of the curved strand (inner side). Cracks More

Fig. 11.13 Sulfur print from the same region as Fig. 11.12 . The “A” segregates are visible in the print. The higher homogeneity of the product in the region between the surface and the “A” segregates when compared to the region between these segregates and the central region of the plate More

Fig. 11.15 Sulfur print from the same region as Fig. 11.14 . The cross section is homogeneous with small dark dots uniformly spread (enhanced by the high-contrast digitizing of the print). More

Fig. 11.16 Sulfur print of a thick rolled plate of structural steel WStE355. Section transverse to the main rolling direction, region corresponding to the top of the conventional ingot used to roll the plate, in mid-width. Some concentration of sulfides can be seen, elongated in the transverse More

Fig. 15.37 Sulfur prints of transverse cross sections of rails. Modern rail steels have chemical compositions and sulfur levels that give little information in sulfur prints. Print (a) corresponds to the macrograph of Fig. 15.36(b) . Print (b) corresponds to the macrograph of Fig. 15.36(c More

Fig. 6 Gray scale digitization of an IC module on a printed circuit board. (a) Binary. (b) 8-level. (c) 64-level. Courtesy of Cognex Corporation. Source: Ref 3 More

Figure 1-38 Mirror-image sulfur print of the macroetched disc shown in Fig. 1-6 . More

Figure 1-39 Sulfur print intensity is influenced by the composition of the sulfide inclusions. Both of the sulfur-printed discs shown contain 0.06% sulfur, but the print on the left is very light because most of the sulfides contain considerable chromium and are low in manganese content More

Figure 1-40 Wragge’s lead print method (left) and the lead sweat test (center) were used to reveal the lead distribution in this free-machining steel billet disc. A few small spots of lead segregation were detected (right), otherwise the lead distribution was quite uniform. More

Fig. 12.125 Three-dimensional printed Francis runner integral core and casting. Source: Ref 39 . Courtesy of voxeljet AG & Wolfensberger AG More

Fig. 6.17 Core prints and clearances More

Fig. 6.18 Balancing core prints More

Fig. 4.6 When bubbles are retained between the sample and the paper in a sulfur print (see also Chapter 8, “Solidification, Segregation, and Nonmetallic Inclusions,” in this book) regrinding is required before performing a new sulfur print. Otherwise, as the nonreacted regions under More