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Book Chapter

Polymers

Available to Purchase

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ems.t53730099
EISBN: 978-1-62708-283-9
... Abstract This chapter discusses the structural classifications, molecular configuration, degradation, properties, and uses of polymers. It describes thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, degree of polymerization, branching, cross-linking, and copolymers. It also discusses glass transition...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the structural classifications, molecular configuration, degradation, properties, and uses of polymers. It describes thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, degree of polymerization, branching, cross-linking, and copolymers. It also discusses glass transition temperatures, additives, and the effect of stretching on thermoplastics.
View PDF for content titled, <span class="search-highlight">Polymers</span>
Book Chapter

Fatigue and Fracture of Ceramics and Polymers

Available to Purchase

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610327
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... Abstract This chapter covers the fatigue and fracture behaviors of ceramics and polymers. It discusses the benefits of transformation toughening, the use of ceramic-matrix composites, fracture mechanisms, and the relationship between fatigue and subcritical crack growth. In regard to polymers...
Abstract
This chapter covers the fatigue and fracture behaviors of ceramics and polymers. It discusses the benefits of transformation toughening, the use of ceramic-matrix composites, fracture mechanisms, and the relationship between fatigue and subcritical crack growth. In regard to polymers, it covers general characteristics, viscoelastic properties, and static strength. It also discusses fatigue life, impact strength, fracture toughness, and stress-rupture behaviors as well as environmental effects such as plasticization, solvation, swelling, stress cracking, degradation, and surface embrittlement.
View PDF for content titled, Fatigue and Fracture of Ceramics and <span class="search-highlight">Polymers</span>
Book Chapter

Special Materials: Polymers, Bone, Ceramics, and Composites

Available to Purchase

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
... Abstract This chapter discusses the effect of fatigue on polymers, ceramics, composites, and bone. It begins with a general comparison of polymers and metals, noting important differences in microstructure and cyclic loading response. It then presents the results of several studies that shed...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the effect of fatigue on polymers, ceramics, composites, and bone. It begins with a general comparison of polymers and metals, noting important differences in microstructure and cyclic loading response. It then presents the results of several studies that shed light on the fatigue behavior and crack growth mechanisms of common structural polymers and moves on from there to discuss the fatigue behavior of bone and how it compares to stable and cyclically softening metals. It also discusses the fatigue characteristics of engineered and composited ceramics and ceramic fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites.
View PDF for content titled, Special Materials: <span class="search-highlight">Polymers</span>, Bone, Ceramics, and Composites
Book Chapter

Wear Failures of Reinforced Polymers

Available to Purchase

Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780276
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... Abstract This article briefly reviews abrasive and adhesive wear failure of reinforced polymers and polymer composites, namely particulate-filled polymers, short-fiber-reinforced polymers, polymers with continuous fibers, and mixed reinforcements and fabrics. It includes scanning electron...
Abstract
This article briefly reviews abrasive and adhesive wear failure of reinforced polymers and polymer composites, namely particulate-filled polymers, short-fiber-reinforced polymers, polymers with continuous fibers, and mixed reinforcements and fabrics. It includes scanning electron microscope micrographs of abraded surfaces of composites against 80-grade SiC paper and under 14 N load, and worn surfaces of abraded polyether-imide composites and polyamide 66 unidirectional composites and 66 hybrid composites.
View PDF for content titled, Wear Failures of Reinforced <span class="search-highlight">Polymers</span>
Image

Typical creep and creep rupture curves for polymers. (a) Ductile polymers. ...

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in Mechanical Testing and Properties of Plastics: An Introduction[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 7 Typical creep and creep rupture curves for polymers. (a) Ductile polymers. (b) Brittle polymers More
Image

Thermal conductivity and expansion of metals in relation to polymers, ceram...

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in The Materials Selection Process > Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 17.2 Thermal conductivity and expansion of metals in relation to polymers, ceramics, and composites. Source: Adapted from Ref 17.7 More
Image

Elastic modulus vs. tensile yield strength of metals and polymers. The plot...

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in The Materials Selection Process > Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 17.3 Elastic modulus vs. tensile yield strength of metals and polymers. The plot of ceramic strength is their compressive yield strength, because brittle ceramics are not suitable in applications with tensile stress. Elastomer strength is tear strength. The symbol σ f is used More
Image

Structure of several linear polymers. Kevlar is a registered tradename of E...

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in Polymers > Elementary Materials Science
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 9.1 Structure of several linear polymers. Kevlar is a registered tradename of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Source: Ref 9.1 More
Image

Tacticity of linear polymers. Ref 9.1

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in Polymers > Elementary Materials Science
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 9.9 Tacticity of linear polymers. Ref 9.1 More
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Recycling symbols for polymers. (1) Polyethylene terephthalate, also indica...

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in Recycling > Elementary Materials Science
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 14.1 Recycling symbols for polymers. (1) Polyethylene terephthalate, also indicated by PET and called polyester. (2) High-density polyethylene (also PE-HD).(3) Polyvinyl chloride, or PVC. (4) Low-density polyethylene (PE-LD), or LLDPE for very-low-density polyethylene. (5) Polypropylene More
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Temperature dependence of the modulus, E , of polymers. Examples of ideali...

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in Thermal Analysis and Thermal Properties[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 1 Temperature dependence of the modulus, E , of polymers. Examples of idealized behaviors exhibited by an amorphous thermoplastic (A), a semicrystalline thermoplastic (B), and a thermoset (C) More
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Relative thermal stability of polymers by thermogravimetric analysis; 10 mg...

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in Thermal Analysis and Thermal Properties[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 13 Relative thermal stability of polymers by thermogravimetric analysis; 10 mg (0.15 gr) at 5 °C/min (9 °F/min) in nitrogen. PVC, polyvinyl chloride; PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate; HPPE, high-pressure polyethylene; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene; PI, polyimide More
Image

Properties of commercial polymers according to thermomechanical analysis. S...

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in Thermal Analysis and Thermal Properties[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 19 Properties of commercial polymers according to thermomechanical analysis. See “ Abbreviations and Symbols ” in this book for definitions of abbreviations. Source: Ref 84 More
Image

Stress amplitude versus cycles-to-failure curves for several polymers teste...

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in Fatigue Failure Mechanisms[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 1 Stress amplitude versus cycles-to-failure curves for several polymers tested at a frequency of 30 Hz. PS, polystyrene; EP, epoxy; PET, polyethylene terephthalate; PMMA, polymethyl methacrylate; PPO, polyphenylene oxide; PE, polyethylene; PP, polypropylene; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene More
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Fatigue crack propagation behavior of various polymers. PSU, polysulfone; P...

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in Fatigue Failure Mechanisms[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 9 Fatigue crack propagation behavior of various polymers. PSU, polysulfone; PMMA, polymethyl methacrylate; PC, polycarbonate; PS, polystyrene; PVC, polyvinyl chloride. Source: Ref 48 More
Image

Specific wear rate for a number of polymers, as reported in the literature....

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in Wear Failures of Plastics[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 3 Specific wear rate for a number of polymers, as reported in the literature. The experimental conditions as reported in the literature are given in the table. pv , pressure × velocity Specimen Material Counterface roughness ( R a ), μm Sliding speed ( v ), m/s 1/ S ε More
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Micrographs showing surfaces of worn polymers when they were slid against a...

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in Wear Failures of Plastics[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 4 Micrographs showing surfaces of worn polymers when they were slid against abrasive surfaces. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (left) reprinted with permission from Ref 19 . Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) (right) (reprinted with permission from Ref 20 ) surfaces show More
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Generic types of transfer wear behavior when semicrystalline polymers are s...

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in Wear Failures of Plastics[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 12 Generic types of transfer wear behavior when semicrystalline polymers are slid on a hard, smooth surface. In most of the cases, there is a formation of transfer layer on the counterface, although the shear and adhesive properties of the transfer films will vary depending More
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Failure wear mechanisms in fiber-reinforced polymers sliding with fibers in...

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in Wear Failures of Reinforced Polymers[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 18 Failure wear mechanisms in fiber-reinforced polymers sliding with fibers in different orientations. (a) Normal orientation; (b) parallel orientation; (c) antiparallel orientation. 1, wear failure of matrix by microplowing, microcracking, and microcutting; microplowing; 2, sliding More
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Monomer units of common polymers. (a) through (j) are not sunlight absorbin...

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in Photolytic Degradation[1] > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Fig. 1 Monomer units of common polymers. (a) through (j) are not sunlight absorbing; (k) through (r) are sunlight absorbing. More