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plastic deformation
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240017
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... on the causes, nature, and impact of these defects in metals. It also describes the mechanisms that cause plastic deformation in metals. crystalline imperfections plastic deformation deformation annealing precipitation diffusion sintering point defects line defects planar defects volume defects...
Abstract
In a perfect crystalline structure, there is an orderly repetition of the lattice in every direction in space. Real crystals contain a considerable number of imperfections, or defects, that affect their physical, chemical, mechanical, and electronic properties. Defects play an important role in processes such as deformation, annealing, precipitation, diffusion, and sintering. All defects and imperfections can be conveniently classified under four main divisions: point defects, line defects, planar defects, and volume defects. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on the causes, nature, and impact of these defects in metals. It also describes the mechanisms that cause plastic deformation in metals.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smff.t53400027
EISBN: 978-1-62708-316-4
... Abstract This chapter discusses the fundamentals of plastic deformation and the role of strain and strain rate in sheet metal forming processes. It describes the conditions associated with uniform deformation, the significance of engineering and true strain, the effect of volume constancy...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the fundamentals of plastic deformation and the role of strain and strain rate in sheet metal forming processes. It describes the conditions associated with uniform deformation, the significance of engineering and true strain, the effect of volume constancy on the tensile response of isotropic and anisotropic materials, and how infinitesimal strains or strain rates are used to express and analyze instantaneous deformation and local stain. It also discusses the concept of principal strain and strain paths and explains how to determine, and when to use, equivalent strain and strain rate.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smff.t53400033
EISBN: 978-1-62708-316-4
... and use of forming limit curves and the extensive amount of information they provide. anisotropy flow stress formability forming limit curves plastic deformation sheet forming tensile test WHEN A MATERIAL is deformed, two types of deformation occur: elastic and plastic. The elastic phase...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the factors that influence the load-deformation relationship at the heart of most metal forming operations. It describes the changes that occur in tensile test samples and the various ways test data can be plotted and analyzed, particularly for design purposes. It discusses the effect of normal and planar anisotropy, the development and use of flow stress curves, and how formability is usually measured and expressed. It explains how formability measurements serve as a guide for process and tool design engineers as well as others. It also discusses the development and use of forming limit curves and the extensive amount of information they provide.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smff.t53400053
EISBN: 978-1-62708-316-4
... and how hardening laws are used to predict strain-hardening behaviors. elastic strain levy-mises equations plastic deformation sheet metal forming strain hardening strain rate WHEN A MATERIAL is deformed, two types of deformation occur: elastic and plastic. Elastic deformation is always...
Abstract
The design and optimization of sheet metal forming operations is aided by tools and techniques that have been developed and refined over several decades. This chapter covers many of these methods and practices and explains where and how they are used. It begins by showing how the stress state at any point in a material can be expressed in different ways for different purposes. It then compares and contrasts some of the more widely used yield criteria and demonstrates the use of flow rules. It also explains how to calculate power, energy, and effective strain and strain rate and how hardening laws are used to predict strain-hardening behaviors.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.chffa.t51040017
EISBN: 978-1-62708-300-3
... Abstract This chapter discusses the role of plastic deformation in forging and the effect of strain and strain rate on metal flow. It demonstrates the use of stress tensors and shows how metal flow can be represented qualitatively by the displacement of volume elements and quantitatively...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of plastic deformation in forging and the effect of strain and strain rate on metal flow. It demonstrates the use of stress tensors and shows how metal flow can be represented qualitatively by the displacement of volume elements and quantitatively by the distribution of velocity components and strain rates. It describes the conditions associated with homogeneous deformation in a frictionless upset forging and explains how they can also be obtained using engineering and true stress-strain curves.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.chffa.t51040051
EISBN: 978-1-62708-300-3
.... It then explains how to determine the onset of yielding, which corresponds to the start of plastic deformation and the flow of metal within the workpiece. The chapter then goes on to present two important yield criteria, one based on shear stress (Tresca criterion), the other on distortion energy (von Mises...
Abstract
This chapter covers the fundamentals of metal flow and the tools and techniques used to predict and control it. It begins by illustrating the local state of stress in a metal cylinder during upset forging and showing how stress components can be expressed in matrix form. It then explains how to determine the onset of yielding, which corresponds to the start of plastic deformation and the flow of metal within the workpiece. The chapter then goes on to present two important yield criteria, one based on shear stress (Tresca criterion), the other on distortion energy (von Mises criterion). It compares and contrasts the two methods and demonstrates their use as flow rules. It also explains how to calculate effective strain and strain rate and includes a brief discussion on the mechanical energy consumed during deformation.
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Published: 01 December 2006
Fig. 7.75 Plastic deformation of the die aperture of copper section dies resulting from high thermomechanical stresses during extrusion. Source: Kabelmetall, Osnabrück
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Published: 01 March 2006
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Published: 01 December 1999
Fig. 8.28 Plastic deformation produced at the (a) case-hardened surface and (b) non-case-hardened surface of shot-peened steels. Both 270×
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in Mechanical Work of Steels—Cold Working
> Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 12.20 Two limiting cases of anisotropy in plastic deformation, considering (for simplicity) a single active slip system, characterized by slip planes (SP) and slip directions (SD). When subjected to axial tension (AT) in (a) the material will undergo reduction of the width without any
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Published: 01 December 1996
Fig. 8-1 Effect of the amount of plastic deformation (as measured by the percent reduction in thickness by rolling) on the tensile mechanical properties of 1016 annealed steel. (Adapted from Metals Handbook , Vol 1, Properties and Selection: Irons and Steels , American Society for Metals
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Published: 01 December 1996
Fig. 8-3 (a) Schematic diagram showing the plastic deformation of grains by cold rolling. (b) Microstructures of plastically deformed low carbon steel. The structure contains mostly primary ferrite and a small amount of pearlite. Note that the grains become longer and thinner with increasing
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Published: 01 December 1996
Fig. 8-38 The effect of the amount of plastic deformation, when deformed below the transformation temperature, on the primary ferrite grain structure. (From W.B. Morrison and B. Mintz, Heat Treatment '76 , p 135, The Metals Society, London (1976), Ref 17 )
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Published: 01 August 2012
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in Plastic Deformation: Flow Stress, Anisotropy, and Formability
> Sheet Metal Forming: Fundamentals
Published: 01 August 2012
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Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 3.25 The effect of plastic deformation (by rolling at 25 °C, or 77 °F) on hardness of pure copper and two brass (Cu-Zn) solid-solution alloys. Source: Ref 3.8
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in Sources of Failures in Carburized and Carbonitrided Components
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 27 Illustration of the plastic deformation of the surface and resultant stress distribution after shot peening. Source: Ref 61
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Published: 01 February 2005
Fig. 21.4 Resistance of die steels to plastic deformation at elevated temperatures (values in parentheses indicate hardness at room temperature). Courtesy of Universal Cyclops Steel Corp. and A. Finkl and Sons Co.
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Published: 01 July 2000
Fig. 7.118 Model of local plastic deformation by dislocation glide producing surface extrusions and intrusions that initiate fatigue cracks. Source: Ref 162
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Published: 01 November 2007
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