Fig. 4.4 Plasma Giken PCS 1000 system. Courtesy of Plasma Giken More

Fig. 17.11 Carbon profiles of a plasma-carburized 1020 steel after the boost and diffusion steps compared to the profile produced by standard gas carburization. Source: Ref 17.2 , p 355 More

Fig. 13.21 Typical thermal barrier coating produced by plasma spraying zirconia on MCrAlY underlayer More

Fig. 6.4 Crucible-free atomization in plasma-torch-heated water-cooled copper crucible. Courtesy of Impact Innovations GmbH More

Fig. 6.5 Wire-feed plasma atomization. Courtesy of Impact Innovations GmbH More

Fig. 19 Fatigue limits of plasma- and gas-carburized test specimens as a function of retained austenite content More

Fig. 9.50 Corona discharge during plasma nitriding of an 8,618 kg (19,000 lb) stamping binder. Source: Ref 9.15 More

Figure 30 Plasma FIB large-volume removal of the three-stack TSV sample with short. Left top inset is zoom-in into the Chip 1/Chip 2 area. Top right inset is further magnification into the shorted structures, as indicated by red arrows. More

Figure 12 AFM image of etched silicon surface after SF 6 RIE plasma etch [18] . More

Figure 17 SEM of an integrated circuit after plasma delayering. M2, M1, poly and field oxide layers are visible. More

Fig. 22.1 Voltage-current characteristics of various discharges in argon. Plasma nitriding is performed in the abnormal glow discharge range. Source: Ref 22.14 , 22.15 More

Fig. 22.2 (a) Plasma-carburized 8719 steel. (b) Gas-carburized 8719 steel. Both specimens nickel plated and unetched. Light micrographs. Source: Ref 22.22 More

Fig. 3.51 Microstructure of a plasma-arc-cut surface of an as-rolled AISI/SAE 1020 steel plate showing surface damage (top). Regions “A”, “B”, “C” are shown at higher magnification in Fig. 3.52 . 2% nital and 4% picral etch. 100× More

Fig. 3.52 Microstructure of the affected layers in the plasma-torch-cut AISI/SAE 1020 steel plate in Fig. 3.51 showing (a) lath martensite at the surface, (b) lath martensite and ferrite just below the surface, and (c) ferrite and pearlite of the base steel. 4% picral etch. 500× More

Fig. 21.8 Schematic of plasma (ion) carburizing. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 2.39 Plasma arc welding process, showing constriction of the arc by a copper nozzle and a keyhole through the plate. Source: Ref 2.29 More

Fig. 6.11 Effect of low-pressure plasma-sprayed Ti-51Al-12Cr coating on (a) 800 °C (1470 °F) and (b) 1000 °C (1830 °F) interrupted oxidation behavior of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb γ-TiAl alloy in air. Source: Ref 6.1 More

Fig. 2.2 Large, spherical titanium powder fabricated by plasma atomization, giving a spherical particle shape More

Fig. 2.14 Plasma arc welding process, showing constriction of the arc by a copper nozzle and a keyhole through the plate. Source: Ref 2.10 More

Fig. 2.15 Plasma–gas tungsten arc welding equipment. Source: Ref 2.3 More