Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
By
Hari Palaniswamy
Search Results for
plane stress elastic model
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 of 238
Search Results for plane stress elastic model
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
1
Sort by
Book Chapter
Solid Mechanics of Homogeneous Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mmfi.t69540001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-309-6
... Abstract This chapter reviews the fundamentals of stress, strain, and deformation and demonstrates some of the tools and techniques used to analyze how materials and structures respond to tension, compression, bending, and shear. It begins with an overview of the behavior of perfectly elastic...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the fundamentals of stress, strain, and deformation and demonstrates some of the tools and techniques used to analyze how materials and structures respond to tension, compression, bending, and shear. It begins with an overview of the behavior of perfectly elastic and plastic materials and viscous substances. It then describes the stress-strain response of two- and three-dimensional solids, explaining how to determine principle stresses and strains using Mohr’s circle and how to derive equivalent stress and strain using the von Mises relationship. It then goes on to analyze the stress state of load-bearing members, pressurized tubes, and pin-loaded lugs, accounting for the effect of geometric discontinuities, such as cutouts, fillets, and holes, as well as cracks. It also explains how finite element methods are used to solve problems involving complex geometric and loading conditions.
Book Chapter
Plastic Deformation: State of Stress, Yield Criteria Flow Rule, and Hardening Rules
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smff.t53400053
EISBN: 978-1-62708-316-4
... of atomic planes, which in turn requires shear stresses. Since no shear stress is given in a hydrostatic stress state, no plastic deformation can be induced. The hydrostatic stress state only introduces an elastic volume change. 5.4 Deviatoric Stress The stress state that causes plastic deformation...
Abstract
The design and optimization of sheet metal forming operations is aided by tools and techniques that have been developed and refined over several decades. This chapter covers many of these methods and practices and explains where and how they are used. It begins by showing how the stress state at any point in a material can be expressed in different ways for different purposes. It then compares and contrasts some of the more widely used yield criteria and demonstrates the use of flow rules. It also explains how to calculate power, energy, and effective strain and strain rate and how hardening laws are used to predict strain-hardening behaviors.
Book Chapter
Fracture Mechanics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630257
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
... Abstract Fracture mechanics is a well-developed quantitative approach to the study of failures. This chapter discusses fracture toughness and fracture mechanics, linear-elastic fracture mechanics, and modes of loading. The discussion also covers plane strain and stress and crack growth kinetics...
Abstract
Fracture mechanics is a well-developed quantitative approach to the study of failures. This chapter discusses fracture toughness and fracture mechanics, linear-elastic fracture mechanics, and modes of loading. The discussion also covers plane strain and stress and crack growth kinetics. The chapter presents a case history that illustrates the use of fracture mechanics in failure analysis. An appendix provides a more detailed discussion of fracture mechanics concepts.
Book Chapter
Impact Loading and Testing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780216
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
..., with an elastic material model, the strain rate in an impacted component can be approximated. Using this approximation for strain rate and the temperature to which the component is exposed, data similar to those given in Ref 3 can be used to establish an approximate yield stress for the material...
Abstract
This article discusses the material and engineering issues associated with plastic components subjected to impact. The first part covers the effects of loading rate, temperature, and state of stress on both deformation and mode of failure. It discusses standard impact tests, along with their associated results. A brief discussion on the linear elastic fracture mechanics method is presented, along with an example of its effectiveness as a predictive tool for impact performance. Various issues with a bearing on impact performance, such as processing, chemical attack, and aging, are also described. The second part describes the engineering calculations used to predict the performance of thin plastic beams, plates, and shells. The issue of assuming small displacements for the calculation of plastic structure performance is discussed and its limitations described. An example of the consequence of the very low modulus of elasticity associated with plastics and some plastic design solutions are offered.
Book Chapter
Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mmfi.t69540281
EISBN: 978-1-62708-309-6
... with large-scale yielding, or just an elastic- J . The latter is actually a value of K 2 divided by E , or by E /(1 − ν 2 ), depending on the crack-tip constraint (i.e., plane stress or plane strain). 6.1.2 General Procedure for Determining J The finite element method can be used to determine...
Abstract
Large-scale yielding at the crack tip and time-dependent crack growth mechanisms, such as stress relaxation due to creep, are nonlinear behaviors requiring nonlinear analysis methods. This chapter presents two such methods, one based on elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, the other on time-dependent fracture mechanics. It also introduces two new fracture indices, the J-integral for handling large-scale yielding and the C*-integral for creep crack growth, providing close-form and handbook solutions for each.
Book Chapter
Fracture Mechanics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610101
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... are related: (Eq 16) K 2 = E ′ G where for plane stress, E ′ = E , the elastic modulus; for plane strain, E ′ = E /(1 – ν 2 ), where ν is Poisson’s ratio. Thus, it is equivalent to attribute the driving force for fracture to the crack tip stress field, which is proportional to K...
Abstract
Fracture mechanics is the science of predicting the load-carrying capabilities of cracked structures based on a mathematical description of the stress field surrounding the crack. The fundamental ideas stem from the work of Griffith, who demonstrated that the strain energy released upon crack extension is the driving force for fracture in a cracked material under load. This chapter provides a summary of Griffith’s work and the subsequent development of linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. It includes detailed illustrations and examples, familiarizing readers with the steps involved in determining strain energy release rates, stress intensity factors, J-integrals, R-curves, and crack tip opening displacement parameters. It also covers fracture toughness testing methods and the effect of measurement variables.
Book Chapter
Tensile Testing for Determining Sheet Formability
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060101
EISBN: 978-1-62708-355-3
... the beam decrease at higher strains. The yield strength ceases to be a factor in springback once all regions are plastically deformed in tension. In the bending of wide sheets, the metal is deformed in plane strain, and the plane-strain properties (elastic modulus, yield stress, and tangent modulus...
Abstract
Sheet metal forming operations consist of a large family of processes, ranging from simple bending to stamping and deep drawing of complex shapes. Because sheet forming operations are so diverse in type, extent, and rate, no single test provides an accurate indication of the formability of a material in all situations. However, as discussed in this chapter, the uniaxial tensile test is one of the most widely used tests for determining sheet metal formability. This chapter describes the effect of material properties and temperature on sheet metal formability. Information on the types of formability tests is also provided. The chapter discusses the processes involved in uniaxial and plane-strain tensile testing. Examples include the uniaxial tensile test and the plane-strain tensile test which are subsequently described.
Book Chapter
Multiaxial Fatigue
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870105
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
... to an axial force along its length to create more complex states of biaxial stress and strain. Furthermore, if the shaft is solid it may have a notch that can provide a stress concentration within a biaxial field. A solid shaft will, however, have a linear strain gradient and, hence, under nominally elastic...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the theories that have emerged from the widespread study of multiaxial fatigue and assesses their validity using data from different sources. It begins by providing background on the studies that the chapter draws on, pointing out differences in methodology and explaining how they influence test results and data. It then discusses the concept of critical planes and how they are used to correlate the effects of uniaxial loading with multiaxial fatigue behaviors. The section that follows covers the various methods used to analyze multiaxial fatigue and identifies one that best treats the general case. The chapter also defines two important factors, the triaxiality factor and the multiaxiality factor, and presents the results of an extensive study to determine how the two factors are related. One of the more interesting findings is that the atomic structure of a material has a significant effect on which theory best describes its fatigue behavior.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smfpa.t53500019
EISBN: 978-1-62708-317-1
... in the elementary bending theory. Under plane-strain condition, the stress component causing elastic deformation, σ b,e , is found using Hooke’s law: (Eq 2.10) σ b,e = E ( 1 − ν 2 ) ɛ b = ± E ( 1 − ν 2 ) y R n 0 < ɛ b...
Abstract
This chapter begins with a review of the mechanics of bending and the primary elements of a bending system. It examines stress-strain distributions defined by elementary bending theory and explains how to predict stress, strain, bending moment, and springback under various bending conditions. It describes the basic principles of air bending, stretch bending, and U- and V-die bending as well as rotary, roll, and wipe die bending, also known as straight flanging. It also discusses the steps involved in contour (stretch or shrink) flanging, hole flanging, and hemming and describes the design and operation of press brakes and other bending machines.
Book Chapter
Stress Systems Related to Single-Load Fracture of Ductile and Brittle Metals
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.uhcf3.t53630071
EISBN: 978-1-62708-270-9
..., which are simplified models of complex stress systems. Free-body diagrams of shafts in the pure types of loading (tension, torsion, and compression) are the simplest; they then can be related to more complex types of loading. This chapter discusses the principles of these simplest loading systems...
Abstract
In order to understand how various types of single-load fractures are caused, one must understand the forces acting on the metals and also the characteristics of the metals themselves. All fractures are caused by stresses. Stress systems are best studied by examining free-body diagrams, which are simplified models of complex stress systems. Free-body diagrams of shafts in the pure types of loading (tension, torsion, and compression) are the simplest; they then can be related to more complex types of loading. This chapter discusses the principles of these simplest loading systems in ductile and brittle metals.
Book Chapter
Crystal Structure Defects and Imperfections
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ciktmse.t56020001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-389-8
..., and how they respond to applied stresses and strains. The chapter makes extensive use of graphics to illustrate crystal lattice structures and related concepts such as vacancies and interstitial sites, ion migration, volume expansion, antisite defects, edge and screw dislocations, slip planes, twinning...
Abstract
Alloying, heat treating, and work hardening are widely used to control material properties, and though they take different approaches, they all focus on imperfections of one type or other. This chapter provides readers with essential background on these material imperfections and their relevance in design and manufacturing. It begins with a review of compositional impurities, the physical arrangement of atoms in solid solution, and the factors that determine maximum solubility. It then describes different types of structural imperfections, including point, line, and planar defects, and how they respond to applied stresses and strains. The chapter makes extensive use of graphics to illustrate crystal lattice structures and related concepts such as vacancies and interstitial sites, ion migration, volume expansion, antisite defects, edge and screw dislocations, slip planes, twinning planes, and dislocation passage through precipitates. It also points out important structure-property correlations.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.9781627083447
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
Book Chapter
Crack Mechanics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870201
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
... the material develops only a biaxial tensile stress σ x = σ y . For the case of plane strain, σ z = v ( σ x + σ y ) ≅ ( ⅔ ) σ x , where ν is the elastic Poisson’s ratio. Thus, the material is close to a condition of triaxial tension of equal magnitude...
Abstract
This chapter provides a quantitative treatment of the cracking mechanisms associated with fatigue, drawing on the principles of fracture mechanics. It explains that although fracture mechanics originated with the aim of understanding sudden and catastrophic crack extension, the main premise of a stress field in the vicinity of the crack also applies to the study of cycle-by-cycle stable crack growth. A detailed review is given of the many developments and discoveries that helped shape the theory and methods collectively defined as crack mechanics, which the authors then employ to analyze the crack growth behavior of various materials, including steels and nonferrous alloys, under constant-amplitude loading. The authors then deal with the effects of complex loading using crack retardation and crack closure models to show how load fluctuations can slow crack growth rates and even cause total crack arrest. They also present the results of a study on crack initiation, propagation, and fracture in circular (rather than rectangular) specimens and a fatigue study on ductile and quasi-brittle materials.
Book Chapter
Mechanics of Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mmfi.t69540319
EISBN: 978-1-62708-309-6
... and stronger than the baseline/unreinforced matrix material. Because of the mechanical properties of the fibers, most composites maintain an elastic behavior in their stress-strain relationship. Many types of composite systems have been developed. Detailed descriptions of the fiber and the matrix materials...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the failure mechanisms associated with fiber-reinforced composites. It begins with a review of fiber-matrix systems and the stress-strain response of unidirectional lamina and both notched and unnotched composite laminate specimens. It then explains how cyclic loading can lead to delamination, the primary failure mode of most composites, and describes some of the methods that have been developed to improve delamination resistance, assess damage tolerance, determine residual strength, and predict failure modes.
Book Chapter
Selected Relevant Background Information
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870375
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
... herein. Mechanics of solids concepts of stress and strain in the elastic and plastic range are then discussed, and the very rudimentary tests that are conducted to provide mechanical material characterization upon which property performance may be judged. Common hardness tests and their inter...
Abstract
This appendix provides supplemental information on the metallurgical aspects of atomic structure, the use of dislocation theory, heat treatment processes and procedures, important engineering materials and strengthening mechanisms, and the nature of elastic, plastic, and creep strain components. It also provides information on mechanical property and fatigue testing, the use of hysteresis energy to analyze fatigue, a procedure for inverting equations to solve for dependent variables, and a method for dealing with the statistical nature of failure.
Book Chapter
Special Materials: Polymers, Bone, Ceramics, and Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
..., while cycling between equal tensile and compressive stresses or forces causes tensile strain ratcheting. Monotonic Loading A typical tensile stress-strain curve, for example, for the thermoplastics polyethylene or nylon, is shown in Fig. 12.1 ( Ref 12.1 ). In the region OA linear elasticity...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the effect of fatigue on polymers, ceramics, composites, and bone. It begins with a general comparison of polymers and metals, noting important differences in microstructure and cyclic loading response. It then presents the results of several studies that shed light on the fatigue behavior and crack growth mechanisms of common structural polymers and moves on from there to discuss the fatigue behavior of bone and how it compares to stable and cyclically softening metals. It also discusses the fatigue characteristics of engineered and composited ceramics and ceramic fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites.
Book Chapter
Engineering for Manufacturability and Integrity
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... in.) where the flash formed at the mating surface maintains a hole big enough for hanging. When the casting design cannot allow a larger window because of space limitations or due to high component stresses, a smaller window of about 40 to 50 mm (1.5 to 2 in.) diameter can be designed. The parting plane...
Abstract
The casting engineer contributes to a successful component design by offering expertise in molding, core making, and material characteristics and by recommending the most suitable casting process to use to meet quality and cost targets. The casting engineer's responsibilities include recommending locator positioning; advising about lugs, hooks, or holes for casting handling through all processes; determining the choice of a parting plane and pouring orientation; designing cores for accurate positioning, suitable venting, and proper cleaning; guiding decisions about wall thicknesses and junctions; making suggestions about casting design to eliminate distortion; optimizing the gating design for slag-free metal; and establishing the feeding techniques to eliminate shrink porosity. This chapter provides the guidelines for these responsibilities. In addition, the guidelines for the use of chaplets and chills in cast iron castings; guidelines for drafts, machine stock, tolerances, and contraction or shrink rule; and guidelines for pattern layouts and nesting are also covered.
Book Chapter
Deformation and Fracture Mechanisms and Static Strength of Metals
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mmfi.t69540047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-309-6
... (ultimate strength), yield strength (or yield point), percent elongation, and reduction of area. The first two are strength parameters; the last two indicate ductility. The stress-strain curve also is used to measure the modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) and the modulus of resilience. These parameters...
Abstract
This chapter examines the phenomena of deformation and fracture in metals, providing readers with an understanding of why it occurs and how it can be prevented. It begins with a detailed review of tension and compression stress-strain curves, explaining how they are produced and what they reveal about the load-carrying characteristics of engineering materials. It then discusses the use of failure criteria and the determination of yielding and fracture limits. It goes on to describe the mechanisms and appearances of brittle and ductile fractures and stress rupture, providing detailed images, diagrams, and explanations. It discusses the various factors that influence strength and ductility, including grain size, loading rate, and temperature. It also provides information on the origin of residual stresses, the concept of toughness, and the damage mechanisms associated with creep and stress rupture, stress corrosion, and hydrogen embrittlement.
Book Chapter
Fatigue of Metals
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... + R High-Cycle Fatigue High-cycle fatigue involves a large number of cycles ( N > 10 5 cycles) and an elastically applied stress. High-cycle fatigue tests are usually carried out for 10 7 cycles and sometimes 5 × 10 8 cycles for nonferrous metals. Although the applied stress is low...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the factors that play a role in fatigue failures and how they affect the service life of metals and structures. It describes the stresses associated with high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue and how they differ from the loading profiles typically used to generate fatigue data. It compares the Gerber, Goodman, and Soderberg methods for predicting the effect of mean stress from bending data, describes the statistical nature of fatigue measurements, and explains how plastic strain causes cyclic hardening and softening. It discusses the work of Wohler, Basquin, and others and how it led to the development of a strain-based approach to fatigue and the use of fatigue strength and ductility coefficients. It reviews the three stages of fatigue, beginning with crack initiation followed by crack growth and final fracture. It explains how fracture mechanics can be applied to crack propagation and how stress concentrations affect fatigue life. It also discusses fatigue life improvement methods and design approaches.
Book Chapter
Engineering for Functional Performance
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320049
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... engineering analysis to evaluate the stresses and sends a 3D CAD concept model to the casting engineer, along with information on the environment in which the part will perform. The casting engineer recommends the most suitable alloy and the best process fit. The CAD model geometry is modified...
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of how the disciplines of design, material, and manufacturing contribute to engineering for functional performance. It describes the interaction of product designers and casting engineers in product development. It discusses the consequences of component failure, uncertainty in data and assumptions, and selection of the factor of safety. The chapter also presents an overview of the functional requirements for product performance and provides an overview of product design development. It also presents a partial list of the different tests that are performed on prototypes and examples of product testing. The chapter describes the requirements of a traceability system.
1