FIG. 10.10 Cross-sectional view showing automotive engine pistons made of a high silicon alloy developed by Jeffries and Archer. Source: Wikimedia Commons/Mj-bird. More

Fig. 3.11 Variety of parts, including automotive pistons, metallurgically bonded diesel engine pistons, compressor pistons, cylindrical and journal bearings, anodes, and cookware, produced by the low-pressure casting process More

Fig. D6.10 242.0-T571, cast pistons aluminum casting rotating-beam fatigue curve. Smooth specimens are from the wrist pin boss, shaped to Fig. A3.2(a), Appendix 3 . Open circle symbol, cast head down, others cast head up More

Fig. D6.11 242.0-T571, cast pistons aluminum casting rotating-beam fatigue curve. Smooth specimens are from the wrist pin boss, shaped to Fig. A3.2(a), Appendix 3 . Solid symbols are vacuum riserless castings (VRC); open symbol is standard. More

Fig. 1.4 Bramah’s lead piston press, 1797. A, melting chamber; B, piston; C, tube support; D, tube mandrel; E, extruded tube More

Fig. 6.6 Sacrificial hand vise showing the piston, shim, and mounted specimen More

Fig. 16.24 Fatigue failure surface from a piston rod. The fatigue crack initiated near a forging flake at the center and propagated slowly outward. The outer area is the region of final brittle fracture overload. Source: Ref 16.5 More

Fig. 16 As-received main landing gear linear actuating piston rod cylinder More

Fig. 33 As-received nose landing gear piston assembly and the failed axle More

Fig. 2.17 Broken piston head showing primary failure by fatigue and a secondary crack through two bolt holes More

Fig. 2.19 Abnormal wear on one side of the piston head More

Fig. 2.20 Sketch illustrating piston head misalignment, fatigue crack initiation, and propagation. A, region of misalignment; B, sharp corner of piston ring groove; B-C, fatigue crack; and C-D, sudden overload failure More

Fig. CH13.3 Deformation and metal flow around the piston hole More

Fig. CH13.4 Sketch showing the fracture pattern of the failed piston More

Fig. CH13.7 Fretting damage on the barrel surface of the failed piston. SEM photograph More

Fig. 33 Tensile fatigue fracture starting near the center of an 8-in.-diam piston rod of a forging hammer, made of low-carbon alloy steel hardened to 24 HRC at the surface and 17 HRC at the center. In an axially loaded part such as this, fatigue fracture can start anywhere in the cross section More

Fig. 10 An example of a large piston rod fracture from a forging hammer. The fracture originated at the surface due to severe friction during contact with the interior of the hole in the upper die block. (a) In addition to the main fracture there are many fatigue cracks in the darker areas. (b More

Fig. 11 Computed tomographic images of a die cast aluminum automotive piston. (a) Photograph of cast part. (b) Vertical slice through the piston shows porosity as dark spots in the crown area (point A) and counterbalance area (point B). (c) Transverse slice through the crown of the piston More

Fig. 12 Examples of oxynitrided piston rods. Center rod: before treatment. Two rods at left: untreated and subjected to salt spray testing. Two rods at right: treated, then subjected to salt spray testing. Material is similar to UNS G41400 and H41400 chromium-molybdenum steels. Courtesy More

Fig. 13.19 Two-piston brake caliper More