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Book Chapter
Matrix Resin Systems
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
..., epoxy, bismaleimide, cyanate ester, polyimide, and phenolic resins and various toughening methods. The chapter also covers thermoplastic matrix materials and product forms and provides an introduction to the physiochemical tests used to characterize resins and cured laminates. physiochemical test...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of thermoset and thermoplastic resins in polymer matrix composites. It begins by explaining how the two classes of polymer differ and how it impacts their use as matrix materials. It then goes on to describe the characteristics of polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, bismaleimide, cyanate ester, polyimide, and phenolic resins and various toughening methods. The chapter also covers thermoplastic matrix materials and product forms and provides an introduction to the physiochemical tests used to characterize resins and cured laminates.
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in Physical, Chemical, and Thermal Analysis of Thermoset Resins[1]
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 01 December 2003
Image
Specific wear rates for phenolic resin and its composites. The data are rep...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2003
Fig. 8 Specific wear rates for phenolic resin and its composites. The data are reported for various experimental conditions and pv (pressure × velocity) factors, as reported in the literature. Specimen Sliding speed ( v ), m/s Normal pressure ( p ) Counterface roughness ( R
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Micrograph of the worn surface for a phenolic resin/aramid fiber composite ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2003
Fig. 9 Micrograph of the worn surface for a phenolic resin/aramid fiber composite ( Ref 29 ) showing partial coverage of the polymer pin by transfer film
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Image
Cross sections of honeycomb node areas showing the number of phenolic resin...
Available to Purchase
in Introduction—Composite Materials and Optical Microscopy
> Optical Microscopy of Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 1.13 Cross sections of honeycomb node areas showing the number of phenolic resin dip coats. (a) Transmitted light, 100× objective. (b) Void in the node area. Transmitted-light phase contrast, 100× objective
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Thermal conductivity of selected polymer specimens from 4 to 300 K ( Childs...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 1983
; 5c — glass-phenolic-resin composite; 6a — phenolformaldehyde; 6b — polytetrafluoroethylene-2; 6c —perspex plastic-2; 7 — polyglycol; 8a — polytetrafluoroethylene-3; 8b — polyethylene terephthalate; 9a — polyester urethane; 9b — polyisobatylene.
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Six sheet specimens (with spacers) mounted in castable epoxy (a) and thermo...
Available to Purchase
in Metallographic Specimen Preparation
> Metallographer’s Guide: Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 7.19 Six sheet specimens (with spacers) mounted in castable epoxy (a) and thermosetting phenolic resin (b). Note the damage caused by the pressure of the thermosetting mounting process. 2×
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Microstructure of a low-carbon steel sheet that was electroless nickel plat...
Available to Purchase
in Metallographic Specimen Preparation
> Metallographer’s Guide: Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 7.18 Microstructure of a low-carbon steel sheet that was electroless nickel plated on both sides. (a) Specimen mounted in epoxy. (b) Specimen mounted in thermosetting phenolic resin. Note the damage in (b) due to the thermal-compression mounting process. Unetched. 100×
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Micrographs showing the polished edge of a steel screw mounted in thermoset...
Available to Purchase
in Metallographic Specimen Preparation
> Metallographer’s Guide: Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels
Published: 01 March 2002
Fig. 7.22 Micrographs showing the polished edge of a steel screw mounted in thermosetting epoxy (a) and thermosetting phenolic resin (Bakelite) (b). Note the excellent edge retention of the epoxy mount where a thin oxide layer can be seen on the screw surface. The edge of the screw
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Specific wear rate for a number of polymers, as reported in the literature....
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2003
29 84 5 13 PTFE 1.2 … 0.2 … … … … 11 14 UHMWPE 0.05 0.5 … 5 0.73 … … 12 15 HDPE 0.9 0.03 … 2.8 0.41 … … 14 16 Polyethylene 1.2 … 0.09 … … … … 11 17 Phenolic resin 0.05 5.6 … 0.84 0.12 … … 18 PMMA, polymethyl methacrylate
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Book Chapter
Wear Failures of Plastics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... polymers, very high wear resistance. Extremely poor wear resistance is demonstrated by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and phenolic resin. Figure 4 shows worn surfaces of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) ( Ref 19 ) and UHMWPE ( Ref 20 ). These polymer surfaces show scars of wear by plowing...
Abstract
This article provides details on several of the classifications of polymer wear mechanisms, using wear data and micrographs from published works. The primary goals are to present the mechanisms of polymer wear and to quantify wear in terms of wear rate. The discussion begins by providing information on the processes involved in interfacial and cohesive wear. This is followed by sections describing the wear process and applications of elastomers, thermosets, glassy thermoplastics, and semicrystalline thermoplastics. The effects of environmental and lubricant on the wear failures of polymers are then discussed. The article further includes a case study describing the tribological performance of nylon. It ends by presenting some examples of wear failures of plastics.
Book Chapter
Environmental Degradation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870401
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
... resins are the most widely used matrix systems, and they have multiple sites for hydrogen bonding for water molecules, such as hydroxyl groups, phenol groups, amine groups, and sulfone groups. Water molecules become attached to the main molecular chains and also form secondary crosslinking in the manner...
Abstract
This chapter describes the conditions under which environmental degradation is likely to occur in polymer matrix composites and the potential damage it can cause. It discusses the problems associated with moisture absorption and exposure to solvents, fuels, ultraviolet radiation, lightning strikes, thermal oxidation, and extreme temperatures. It also discusses the factors that influence flammability.
Book Chapter
Metallographic Specimen Preparation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mgppis.t60400169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-258-7
... to reveal the prior austenite boundaries. Therefore, a phenolic resin should not be used as a mounting medium because the hot etchant will attack and swell the mount to the point where its surface will be above the polished steel surface. In this case, the metallographer may choose a thermosetting epoxy...
Abstract
This chapter instructs the metallographer on the basic skills required to prepare a polished metallographic specimen. It is organized in a chronological sequence starting with the information-gathering process on the material being investigated, then moving on to sectioning, mounting, grinding, and polishing processes, and ending with methods used to properly store metallographic specimens. The discussion covers the preparation procedures, the materials being investigated, and equipment used to perform these procedures.
Book Chapter
Sandwich and Integral Cocured Structure
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870255
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
... cores, such as glass or aramid, must be held in the expanded position and dipped in a liquid resin, which then must be cured before the expansion force can be released. Although epoxy and polyester resin systems are possible, phenolic and to some extent polyimide for higher-temperature applications...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of sandwich and integral cocured structures, and the methods by which they are made. It begins by explaining where and how sandwich construction is used and why it is so efficient. It then describes the design and fabrication of honeycomb panels and foam cores along with their respective applications and unique attributes. The chapter also discusses the cocuring process and its use in fabricating unitized structures.
Book Chapter
Thermal Analysis and Thermal Properties
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780115
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
...–65 Melamine-formaldehyde 150 298 100 210 … … … Phenolic resins 120–175 250–350 120–175 250–350 0.12–0.24 0.072–0.144 25–60 Polyester resins 50–205 120–400 120–150 250–300 0.17–0.22 0.10–0.13 55–100 Polyimide resins 305–360 580–680 260–315 500–600 0.10–0.34 0.058...
Abstract
This article covers the thermal analysis and thermal properties of engineering plastics with respect to chemical composition, chain configuration, and/or conformation of the base polymers. The thermal analysis techniques covered are differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, thermomechanical analysis, and rheological analysis. The basic thermal properties covered include thermal conductivity, temperature resistance, thermal expansion, specific heat, and the determination of glass-transition temperatures. The article further describes various factors influencing the determination of service temperature of a material. Representative examples of different types of engineering thermoplastics are discussed in terms of structure and thermal properties. The article also discusses the thermal and related properties of thermoset resin systems.
Book Chapter
Engineering Plastics: An Introduction
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfap.t69780003
EISBN: 978-1-62708-281-5
... polymerization of different monomers. Engineering plastics all have, as their principal constituent, one or more synthetic polymer resins and almost universally contain additives. Additives, which have much smaller molecules than polymers, provide color, flexibility, rigidity, flame resistance, weathering...
Abstract
This introductory article describes the various aspects of chemical structure and composition that are important to an understanding of polymer properties and their eventual effect on the end-use performance of engineering plastics, namely thermoplastics and thermosets. The most important properties of polymers and the most significant influences of structure on those properties are covered. The article also includes some general information on the classification and naming of polymers and plastics.
Book Chapter
Honeycomb-Cored Sandwich Structure Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.omfrc.t53030223
EISBN: 978-1-62708-349-2
... the resin intermingling of the epoxy-based surfacing film with the epoxy matrix in the carbon fiber prepreg. Inset B shows the Nomex core and the phenolic resin coatings on the core cell wall, with the film adhesive fillet that bonds the core to the prepreg skins. Inset C shows the intermingling of the film...
Abstract
The honeycomb sandwich structure composite is a very efficient and complex structure widely used in the aircraft industry. Honeycomb-cored sandwich panels increase part stiffness at a lower weight than monolithic composite materials. This chapter describes the analysis of the intermingling of the film adhesive/prepreg resin system. It discusses the causes and effects of honeycomb core movement, which results in core crush. The chapter also explains the formation of a void in honeycomb composites and the failure mechanisms in honeycomb sandwich structure composites.
Book Chapter
Plastics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.gmpm.t51250077
EISBN: 978-1-62708-345-4
...%), and MoS 2 (up to 15%). Phenolics Phenolics are injection molded resins compounded with various mineral and glass fillers, glass fibers, and lubricants such as PTFE and graphite. Phenolics are used in applications requiring dimensional stability improved heat resistance. Laminated Phenolic...
Abstract
Plastic gears are continuing to displace metal gears in applications ranging from automotive components to office automation equipment. This chapter discusses the characteristics, classification, advantages, and disadvantages of plastics for gear applications. It provides a comparison between the properties of metals and plastics for designing gears. The chapter reviews some of the commonly used plastic materials for gear applications including thermoplastic and thermoset gear materials. The chapter also describes the processes involved in plastic gear manufacturing.
Book Chapter
Engineering Plastics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
.... The chapter also includes a section on the uses of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and provides information on fabrication processes and fastening and joining methods. engineering plastics joining thermal properties AN ENGINEERING PLASTIC can be defined as a synthetic polymer capable...
Abstract
This chapter describes the molecular structures and chemical reactions associated with the production of thermoset and thermoplastic components. It compares and contrasts the mechanical properties of engineering plastics with those of metals, and explains how fillers and reinforcements affect impact and tensile strength, shrinkage, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. It examines the relationship between tensile modulus and temperature, provides thermal property data for selected plastics, and discusses the effect of chemical exposure, operating temperature, and residual stress. The chapter also includes a section on the uses of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and provides information on fabrication processes and fastening and joining methods.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1983
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mlt.t62860413
EISBN: 978-1-62708-348-5
..., fine weave, phenolic resin NEMA/ASTM C MIL-P-15035, type FBM Cellulose fabric, medium weave, phenolic resin NEMA/ASTM G-5 — Glass fabric, melamine resin NEMA/ASTM G-10 MIL-P-18177, type GEE Glass fabric, epoxy resin NEMA/ASTM G-11 MIL-P-18177, type GEB Glass fabric, high-temperature...
Abstract
Composite systems for cryogenic applications are discussed in this chapter. This chapter emphasizes filamentary-reinforced composites because they are the most widely used composite materials. It begins with a discussion on the approach to designing and fabricating with low-pressure laminate composites. This is followed by a section providing an overview of the materials in modern cryogenic technology. Then, the chapter describes the effect of cryogenic temperatures on materials properties; it also introduces the various joining techniques developed for composite materials. The effects of radiation on the properties of the materials are covered as well as the processes involved in testing laminates at cryogenic temperatures. Finally, the chapter provides information available on concrete aggregate composites.
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