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pearlite
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410039
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... The microstructure of carbon steel is largely determined by the transformation of austenite to ferrite, cementite, and pearlite. This chapter focuses on the microstructures produced by diffusion-controlled transformations that occur at relatively low cooling rates. It describes the conditions...
Abstract
The microstructure of carbon steel is largely determined by the transformation of austenite to ferrite, cementite, and pearlite. This chapter focuses on the microstructures produced by diffusion-controlled transformations that occur at relatively low cooling rates. It describes the conditions that promote such transformations and, in turn, how they affect the structure of various phases and the rate at which they form. The chapter also discusses the concepts of transformation kinetics, minimum free energy, and nucleation and growth, and provides information on alloying, interphase precipitation, and various types of transformations.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410277
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
.... The chapter concludes with a brief discussion on the mechanical properties of ferrite/pearlite microstructures in medium-carbon steels. annealing ferrite normalizing pearlite spherical carbides spheroidizing THIS CHAPTER DESCRIBES heat treatments that are designed to produce uniformity...
Abstract
This chapter describes heat treatments that produce uniform grain structures, reduce residual stresses, and improve ductility and machinability. It also discusses spheroidizing treatments that improve strength and toughness by promoting dispersions of spherical carbides in a ferrite matrix. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion on the mechanical properties of ferrite/pearlite microstructures in medium-carbon steels.
Image
Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 5.16 (Part 3) Ferrite-pearlite banding. (i) Pancake arrangement of ferrite and pearlite bands in banded plate. (j) Variation of manganese and silicon contents across representative ferrite-pearlite bands in the specimen shown in Fig. 5.16 (Part 2) (e) . Determined by EPMA.
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 2.10 Micrographs of (a) coarse pearlite and (b) fine pearlite of eutectoid steel. Source: Ref 2.1
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Published: 01 August 2015
Fig. 5.16 Cementite network around pearlite. Proeutectoid cementite and pearlite formation. Picral etch. 500×. Source: Ref 8
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Published: 31 December 2020
Fig. 13 (a) Coarse pearlite and (b) fine pearlite colonies in an AISI-SAE 1080 steel. Fine and coarse refer to the spacing between the lamella, and many more colonies appear in the fine pearlite. 4% picral etch. Original magnification 500× Source: Ref 15
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Image
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 9.4 Distinctive lamellar pattern of pearlite that occurs when a carbon-austenite solid solution decomposes into a ferrite-cementite mixture after very slow (near equilibrium) cooling. Plain carbon steel (UNS G10800) showing colonies of pearlite. 4% picral etch. Original magnification 200×
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Image
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 9.5 Schematic of proeutectoid and eutectoid (pearlite) formation from decomposition of austenite in slowly cooled steels. (a) Hypoeutectoid steels. (b) Hypereutectoid steels
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Image
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 9.6 Microstructure of typical ferrite-pearlite structural steels at two different carbon contents. (a) 0.10% C. (b) 0.25% C. 2% nital + 4% picral etch. Original magnification 200×. Source: Ref 9.1
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Image
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 9.7 Temperature-time plot of pearlite decomposition by the competing mechanisms of spheroidization and graphitization in carbon and low-alloy steels. The curve for spheroidization is for conversion of one-half of the carbon in 0.15% C steel to spheroidal carbides. The curve
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Image
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 9.18 Mixed pearlite and bainite structures formed on prior-austenite grain boundaries, indicated by white lines. Fasterquenched 1095 steel. Mixed nital-picral etch. Original magnification 1000×. Source: Ref 9.2
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Image
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 9.21 Time-temperature-transformation diagrams in which (a) the pearlite and bainite regions extensively overlap, and (b) the pearlite and bainite regions are well separated in the temperature ranges in which they occur
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Image
Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 10.6 As-cast gray iron with a pearlitic-ferritic matrix. P, pearlite; F, ferrite. (a) Original magnification: 100×. (b) Original magnification: 500×. A ternary phosphorous eutectic (E) known as steadite is a common constituent of gray iron microstructures. Source: Ref 10.5
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Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 10.7 Eutectic cementite (white) of an as-cast white iron with pearlite (gray). The gray areas were austenite during solidification but are transformed to pearlite during solid-state cooling. (a) Sand-cast white iron (3.6C-0.41Si-0.46Mn-0.98Cr-0.15P-0.024S) with carbon equivalent of 3.7
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Image
Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 9.9 (Part 1) Proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite formation in isothermal transformation of 0.55% C hypoeutectoid steels. 0.55C-0.08Si-0.60Mn (wt%). (a) Austenitized at 860 °C, transformed at 705 °C for 20 s. Picral. 500×. (b) Austenitized at 860 °C, transformed at 705 °C for 2 min
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Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 9.9 (Part 2) Proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite formation in isothermal transformation of 0.55% C hypoeutectoid steels. 0.55C-0.08Si-0.60Mn (wt%). (g) Austenitized at 860 °C, transformed at 550 °C for 15 s. 320 HV. Picral. 500×. (h) Austenitized at 860 °C, transformed at 500 °C for 5 s
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Image
Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 9.11 (Part 1) Proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite formation in isothermal transformation of hypoeutectoid steels. Micrographs of a 0.8% C steel transformed at these two temperatures are given in Fig. 9.1 . (a) and (b) 0.15% C (0.17C-0.06Si-0.41 Mn, wt%). (a) Austenitized at 925 °C
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Image
Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 9.11 (Part 2) Proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite formation in isothermal transformation of hypoeutectoid steels. Micrographs of a 0.8% C steel transformed at these two temperatures are given in Fig. 9.1 . (a) and (b) 0.15% C (0.17C-0.06Si-0.41 Mn, wt%). (a) Austenitized at 925 °C
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Image
Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 9.15 Pearlite formation in isothermal transformation of aluminum-deoxidized hypoeutectoid steels. (a) 0.4% C, silicon deoxidized (0.39C-0.19Si-0.73Mn, wt%). Austenitized at 840 °C, isothermally transformed at 695 °C. 150 HV. ASTM grain size No. 4-5. Picral. 1000×. (b) to (d) 0.4% C
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Image
Published: 01 August 1999
Fig. 9.25 (Part 1) Proeutectoid cementite and pearlite formation in isothermal transformation of 1.2% C hypereutectoid steels. 1.18C-0.19Si-0.25Mn (wt%). (a) Austenitized at 960 °C, transformed at 705 °C for 5 s. Picral. 500×. (b) Austenitized at 960 °C, transformed at 705 °C for 30 s
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