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nickel-base alloys
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Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sccmpe2.t55090135
EISBN: 978-1-62708-266-2
...Abstract Abstract Nickel and nickel-base alloys are specified for many applications, such as oil and gas production, power generation, and chemical processing, because of their resistance to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). Under certain conditions, however, SCC can be a concern. This chapter...
Abstract
Nickel and nickel-base alloys are specified for many applications, such as oil and gas production, power generation, and chemical processing, because of their resistance to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). Under certain conditions, however, SCC can be a concern. This chapter describes the types of environments and stress loads where nickel-base alloys are most susceptible to SCC. It begins with a review of the physical metallurgy of nickel alloys, focusing on the role of carbides and intermetallic phases. It then explains how SCC occurs in the presence of halides (such as chlorides, bromides, iodides, and fluorides), sulfur-bearing compounds (such as H2S and sulfur-oxyanions), high-temperature and supercritical water, and caustics (such as NaOH), while accounting for temperature, composition, microstructure, properties, environmental contaminants, and other factors. The chapter also discusses the effects of hydrogen embrittlement and provides information on test methods.
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in Corrosion by Halogen and Hydrogen Halides
> High-Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 6.45 Weight change as a function of exposure time for nickel-base alloys (alloys 625, 600, and 825) and iron-base alloys (alloy 800HT, 316SS, and 347SS) in N 2 -4O 2 -12CO 2 -1HCl-500 ppm SO 2 . Testing was initially performed at 649 °C, then increased to 704 °C, and finally to 760 °C
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in Corrosion by Halogen and Hydrogen Halides
> High-Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 6.46 Weight change as a function of exposure time for nickel-base alloys (alloys 625, 600, and 825) and iron-base alloys (alloy 800HT, 316SS, and 347SS) in N 2 -9O 2 -12CO 2 -1HCl-500 ppm SO 2 . Testing was initially performed at 649 °C, then increased to 704 °C, and finally to 760 °C
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in Corrosion by Halogen and Hydrogen Halides
> High-Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 6.47 Weight change as a function of exposure time for nickel-base alloys (alloys 625, 600, and 825) and iron-base alloys (alloys 800HT, 316SS, and 347SS) in N 2 -9O 2 -12CO 2 -4HCl-100 ppm SO 2 . Testing was initially performed at 593 °C, then increased to 704 °C, and to 816 °C, and finally
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in Corrosion by Halogen and Hydrogen Halides
> High-Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 6.48 The metal loss and internal penetration for nickel-base alloys (alloys 214, 600, and 601) and cobalt-base alloys (alloys 25 and 188) along with Fe-Ni-Co-Cr alloy (alloy 556), Fe-Ni-Cr alloy (alloy 800H), and Type 310SS tested in Ar-5.5O 2 -1HCl-1SO 2 at 900 °C (1650 °F) for 800 h
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Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 21 Comparative behavior of several nickel-base alloys in pure sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ). The isocorrosion lines indicate a corrosion rate of 0.5 mm/year (20 mils/year).
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Published: 01 December 2008
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Published: 01 July 2000
Fig. 5.33 Anodic polarization curves for three nickel-base alloys in 1 N HCl at 25 °C. Alloy F, 22.34 Cr, 7.07 Mo, 0.07 C (wt%); alloy C, 54 Ni, 2.5 Co, 15.5 Cr, 16 Mo, 4W, 5.4 Fe, 0.08 C (wt%); alloy B, 26.5 Mo, 0.75 Cr, 5.2 Fe, 0.02 C (wt%). Redrawn from Ref 29
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Published: 01 December 2006
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in Corrosion by Halogen and Hydrogen Halides
> High-Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 6.23 Corrosion of several aluminum-containing nickel-base alloys with and without molybdenum in Ar-20O 2 -0.25Cl 2 at 900 °C (1650 °F). Source: Ref 39
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in Corrosion by Halogen and Hydrogen Halides
> High-Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 6.25 Corrosion of several iron- and nickel-base alloys in air-2Cl 2 at 900 and 1000 °C (1650 and 1830 °F) for 50 h. Source: Ref 40
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in Corrosion by Halogen and Hydrogen Halides
> High-Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 6.26 Loose scales on samples of several nickel-base alloys after testing at 900 °C (1650 °F) in Ar-20O 2 -1Cl 2 for 100 h
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in Corrosion by Halogen and Hydrogen Halides
> High-Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 6.49 Corrosion rates of several iron- and nickel-base alloys in HCl at 400 to 700 °C (750 to 1290 °F). Source: Ref 54
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in Corrosion by Halogen and Hydrogen Halides
> High-Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications
Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 6.54 Corrosion of nickel-base alloys in H 2 -10HCl at 850 °C with 24 h cycles. Source: Ref 56
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 7.32 Corrosion of stainless steels and nickel-base alloys at 816 °C (1500 °F) for 100 h in the MPC coal gasification atmosphere with 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% H 2 S. Also included were aluminized Type 310 and alloy 800 [310 (Al) and 800 (Al], and chromized Type 310 and alloy 800 [310 (Cr) and 800
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in Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Nickel Alloys[1]
> Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry
Published: 01 December 2015
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Published: 01 November 2007
Fig. 4.35 Nitridation kinetic data for alloy 214 (nickel-base alloy containing 4.5% Al) and alloy 230 (nickel-base alloy containing little aluminum) after exposure to 100% N 2 at 1090 °C (2000 °F) for 168 h. Source: Ref 50
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Published: 30 November 2013
Fig. 9 Hot-corrosion attack of René 77 nickel-base alloy turbine blades. (a) A land-based, first-stage turbine blade. Notice the deposit buildup and flaking and splitting of the leading edge. (b) Stationary vanes. (c) A land-based, first-stage gas turbine blade that had type 2 hot-corrosion
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in Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Nickel-Base Alloys[1]
> Stress-Corrosion Cracking: Materials Performance and Evaluation
Published: 01 January 2017
Fig. 5.19 Recommended region of chromium and molybdenum content of nickel-base alloy with approximately 55 to 60 wt% Ni in H 2 S-CO 2 -Cl − -S environment. Line 1: SCC; 230 °C (450 °F), l MPa H 2 S + 1 MPa CO 2 + 25 wt% NaCl + 1 g/L S 8 , 336 h; four-point bent beam. Line 2: hydrogen
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Published: 01 March 2002