Fig. 12.10 Chromium and nickel contents in Alloy Castings Institute (ACI) standard grades of heat- and corrosion-resistant steel castings. See text for details. More

Fig. 30.12 Creep comparison of a nickel-base superalloy for different casting procedures. Alloy: Mar-M200, 205 MPa (30 ksi), 980 °C (1800 °F). Source: Ref 4 More

Fig. 3 (a) Example of faceted stage 1 fatigue initiation in a cast nickel-base superalloy turbine blade. Arrows denote crack propagation direction. (b) Overall blade fracture and continuation of flatter stage 2 crack propagation emanating from stage 1 region. More

Fig. 4.12 IN-100 nickel-base alloy casting, held at 815 °C (1500 °F) for 5000 h. (a) Structure consists of massive MC particles, platelets of σ phase, and primary and precipitated γ′ in the γ matrix. (b) Replica-electron micrograph shows a massive particle of MC, Widmanstätten platelets of σ More

Fig. 4.14 Cast dendritic structure of IN-738 nickel-base alloy. The varying features of the microstructure are revealed by using different etchants. Source: Ref 9 More

Fig. 20.14 Yield strengths of several cast and wrought nickel-base superalloys [ International Nickel Co., 1977 , and Simmons, 1971 ] More

Fig. 5.8 Polycrystalline cast hollow nickel-base turbine blade of simple cooling geometry shown with cross sections of some other cooling configurations More

Fig. 5.9 Cutaway view of PC cast complex nickel-base turbine blade More

Fig. 12.21 Effect of cooling rate on stress-rupture life of a cast nickel-base superalloy at 982 °C (1800 °F)/200 MPa (29 ksi) More

Fig. 12.52 100 h rupture strength of selected PC cast nickel-base superalloys vs. temperature More

Fig. 12.53 Scatterbands for IN-738 PC cast nickel-base superalloy with and without HIP using Larson-Miller parameter (P LM ). Note: P LM = T (C + log t ) where C = Larson-Miller constant, T = absolute temperature, t = time in h. For this plot, C = 20, T = °R More

Fig. 12.54 Beneficial effect of HIP on high-cycle fatigue of PC cast Rene 80 nickel-base superalloy More

Fig. 12.83 Comparison of average TMF lives of PC, CGDS, and SCDS cast nickel-base superalloys More

Fig. 15.5 Increases in temperature-strength capability of cast nickel-base superalloys for airfoils of large utility gas turbines as a function of year of availability (about 1950–1990). Results referenced to IN-738, showing advances for polycrystalline (PC), columnar grain (CG), and single More

Fig. B.3 As-cast IN-100 nickel-base superalloy microstructure showing white islands of γ-γ′ eutectic. 100× More

Fig. B.4 As-cast IN-100 nickel-base superalloy microstructure showing (A) γ-γ′ eutectic, (B) probable γ precipitate in eutectic, (C) γ matrix, and (D) γ′ precipitate in γ. Marble’s reagent; 500× More

Fig. B.8 Cast Rene 220 nickel-base superalloy using dark-field electron microscopy. Showing γ″ disks with finer, less extensive γ′ in background. The specimen was electropolished and etched with methanolic 10% HCl. More

Fig. B.10 Cast IN-100 nickel-base superalloy microstructure after exposure at 760 °C (1400 °F) for 5000 h, showing Widmanstätten platelets of tcp sigma phase. HCl, ethanol, H 2 O 2 . 500× More

Fig. B.11 Cast B-1900 nickel-base superalloy after 928 °C (1800 °F) for 400 h showing acicular M 6 C, blocky MC, and coarsened γ′ cuboids More