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Book Chapter
Material Modifications (Coatings, Treatments, etc.) for Tribological Applications
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
... Abstract This chapter covers coatings and treatments that are used to improve the friction and wear behaviors of materials. It describes modifications that work by hardening contacting surfaces, including heat treating, vacuum coating, thermal spray, and plating, and those that separate...
Abstract
This chapter covers coatings and treatments that are used to improve the friction and wear behaviors of materials. It describes modifications that work by hardening contacting surfaces, including heat treating, vacuum coating, thermal spray, and plating, and those that separate or lubricate surfaces, including solid film, chemical conversion, and vacuum coatings, surface oiling and texturing, and lubricating platings. It compares and contrasts methods based on thickness and depth and their relative effect on friction, erosion, and wear.
Book Chapter
Steel as a Material
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.msisep.t59220001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-259-4
.... (Unless otherwise noted, the units of the International System, SI, are used in this book. Here, in particular, steel production is given in millions of metric tons.) The evolution of steel usage as an engineering material is related to many technical and economic aspects. In particular, in the last...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the engineering significance of steel and briefly describes its chemical composition, crystal structure, Fe-C phases, and associated characterization techniques.
Book Chapter
Tools and Techniques for Material Characterization of Boiler Tubes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fibtca.t52430107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-253-2
... inclusion rating material characterization microhardness optical emission spectroscopy pearlite banding retained austenite scale thickness scanning electron microscopy X-ray diffraction X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 5.1 Introduction Material...
Abstract
This chapter describes some of the most effective tools for investigating boiler tube failures, including scanning electron microscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It explains how the tools work and what they reveal. It also covers the topic of image analysis and its application in the measurement of grain size, phase/volume fraction, delta ferrite and retained austenite, inclusion rating, depth of carburization/decarburization, scale thickness, pearlite banding, microhardness, and hardness profiles. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion on the effect of scaling and deposition and how to measure it.
Book Chapter
Surface Analysis and Material Characterization Techniques Used in Semiconductor Industry to Identify and Prevent Failures
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110447
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... Abstract There are several analytical methods available that can be used in-line on whole wafers as well as off-line on de-processed products that are returned from the field. These techniques are surface analytical techniques that can be used to characterize the bulk of the material. The main...
Abstract
There are several analytical methods available that can be used in-line on whole wafers as well as off-line on de-processed products that are returned from the field. These techniques are surface analytical techniques that can be used to characterize the bulk of the material. The main six methods used in semiconductor industry are: Auger spectroscopy, dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy, time of flight static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and transmission electron microscope-EDX. This review specifically addresses ToF-SIMS and describes some typical examples of the application of Auger and SEM-EDX.
Book Chapter
Introduction—Aluminum as an Industrial Material
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.atia.t59340001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-427-7
... 1.1 simplifies what is necessarily a complex consideration. Aluminum has been successful in lightweighting many industrial products, but there is often keen competition from other metals, wood, plastic, or paper products. Improvements in properties or material substitutions are viewed in the context...
Abstract
This introduction presents an overview of the discovery of aluminum, the origins of the aluminum industry, and the evolution of the industry.
Image
R- curves for (a) brittle material and (b) ductile material. Reprinted with...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2012
Fig. 13 R- curves for (a) brittle material and (b) ductile material. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press. Source: Ref 7
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Published: 30 November 2023
Book Chapter
Base Materials, Additives, and Auxiliary Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hisppa.t56110099
EISBN: 978-1-62708-483-3
... Abstract This chapter presents the following groupings of metals and alloys that are soldered together: steel and iron-base alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, and copper and copper alloys. It also presents the ancillary materials and process methods that assist the solder filler metal...
Abstract
This chapter presents the following groupings of metals and alloys that are soldered together: steel and iron-base alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, and copper and copper alloys. It also presents the ancillary materials and process methods that assist the solder filler metal in completing the solder joint through induction heating. The chapter focuses on the selection of fluxes and the use of inert gases or even vacuum to realize an oxide-free base material surface both before and during the soldering process.
Book Chapter
Materials Handling
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1988
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.eihdca.t65220253
EISBN: 978-1-62708-341-6
... manufacturers. This chapter deals with materials handling and automation. First, it summarizes basic considerations such as generic system designs, fixture materials, and special electrical problems to be avoided. Next, it describes and provides examples of materials-handling systems in induction billet heating...
Abstract
Because of its speed and ease of control, induction heating can be readily automated and integrated with other processing steps such as forming, quenching, and joining. Completely automated heating/handling/control systems have been developed and are offered by induction equipment manufacturers. This chapter deals with materials handling and automation. First, it summarizes basic considerations such as generic system designs, fixture materials, and special electrical problems to be avoided. Next, it describes and provides examples of materials-handling systems in induction billet heating, bar heating, heat treatment, soldering, brazing, and other induction-based processes. The final section discusses the use of robots for parts handling in induction heating systems.
Book Chapter
Tool Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240411
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... steels, low-alloy special-purpose tool steels, mold tool steels, high-speed tool steels, and powder metallurgy tool steels. This chapter provides discusses the manufacturing process, composition, properties, types, and applications of these tool steels and other cutting tool materials, such as cemented...
Abstract
There is a fairly wide variety of different tool steels for different applications. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) classification of tool steels includes seven major categories: water-hardening tool steels, shock-resisting tool steels, cold work tool steels, hot work tool steels, low-alloy special-purpose tool steels, mold tool steels, high-speed tool steels, and powder metallurgy tool steels. This chapter provides discusses the manufacturing process, composition, properties, types, and applications of these tool steels and other cutting tool materials, such as cemented carbides. It also describes the methods of applying coatings to cutting tools to improve tool life.
Book Chapter
Properties of Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ems.t53730161
EISBN: 978-1-62708-283-9
... Abstract This appendix contains a table listing density, thermal conductivity, linear expansion, electrical resistivity, and Young's modulus of various materials. density electrical resistivity linear expansion thermal conductivity Young's modulus Elementary Materials Science...
Abstract
This appendix contains a table listing density, thermal conductivity, linear expansion, electrical resistivity, and Young's modulus of various materials.
Image
Load variation in the extrusion of powder and spray compacted material comp...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2006
Fig. 5.74 Load variation in the extrusion of powder and spray compacted material compared with cast (Al18SiCuMgNi), indirectly extruded. 1, cast; 2, spray compacted; 3, compacted powder [ Mue 93 ]
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Image
Published: 01 December 2006
Fig. 5.81 Example of core fracture. The core material used is periodically broken.
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Image
Structure of extruded copper/palladium-composite material. Micrograph image...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2006
Fig. 5.83 Structure of extruded copper/palladium-composite material. Micrograph image width is approximately 3.6 mm
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Image
Published: 01 December 2006
Fig. 6.60 Material temperature curves for an age-hardening furnace
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Image
Control of material flow using different bearing lengths in the die apertur...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2006
Fig. 7.28 Control of material flow using different bearing lengths in the die aperture of an aluminum alloy section die
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Image
Methods of controlling material flow using the friction between the extrude...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2006
Fig. 7.29 Methods of controlling material flow using the friction between the extruded material and/or shearing. (a) Reduction of the bearing length to reduce the flow resistance. (b) Tapered feed to the die aperture to increase the flow resistance by reducing the material flow cross section
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Image
General extruded material-specific design of the shape-forming aperture and...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2006
Fig. 7.30 General extruded material-specific design of the shape-forming aperture and entry form of extrusion dies. The designs apply to (a) pure and low-alloyed aluminum alloys, (b) higher-alloyed aluminum alloys, (c) magnesium alloys, (d) lead alloys, (e) copper-zinc alloys, (f) copper
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Image
Published: 01 December 2006
Fig. 7.34 Feeder chamber to control material flow. Source: Ames
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Image
Feeder chamber geometry for material flow control. (a) Shows correct feeder...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2006
Fig. 7.35 Feeder chamber geometry for material flow control. (a) Shows correct feeder chamber size for material flow control (b) Has no effect on the material flow. Distance s ≤ t provides correct feeder chamber geometry for material flow control. Source: Ames
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