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martensitic stainless steel
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.phtbp.t59310233
EISBN: 978-1-62708-326-3
... Abstract This chapter discusses the composition and classification of stainless steels and focuses on the processes involved in heat treatment and applications of these steels. The wrought and the cast stainless steels covered are ferritic, austenitic, duplex (ferritic-austenitic), martensitic...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the composition and classification of stainless steels and focuses on the processes involved in heat treatment and applications of these steels. The wrought and the cast stainless steels covered are ferritic, austenitic, duplex (ferritic-austenitic), martensitic, and precipitation-hardening. In addition, information on special considerations for stainless steel castings is also provided. The heat treatment processes explained in the chapter are preheating, annealing, stress relieving, hardening, tempering, austenite conditioning, heat aging, and nitride surface hardening. Finally, some special considerations for stainless steel castings are discussed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310123
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... Abstract This chapter discusses the metallurgy, phase structure, thermal processing, and applications of martensitic stainless steels. The phenomenon of martensite formation is explained. A table listing the compositions of martensitic stainless steels is also presented. martensitic...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aub.t61170257
EISBN: 978-1-62708-297-6
... Abstract This article covers the metallurgy and properties of stainless steels. It provides composition information on all types of ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels, including proprietary and nonstandard grades, along with corresponding...
Abstract
This article covers the metallurgy and properties of stainless steels. It provides composition information on all types of ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels, including proprietary and nonstandard grades, along with corresponding property and performance data. It also discusses the effect of various alloying elements on pitting, crevice corrosion, sensitization, stress-corrosion cracking, and oxidation resistance.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smnm.t52140133
EISBN: 978-1-62708-264-8
... Abstract Stainless steels derive their name from their corrosion-resisting properties first observed in 1912. Two groups, working independently, concurrently discovered what came to be known as austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. Martensitic and precipitation-hardened stainless steels...
Abstract
Stainless steels derive their name from their corrosion-resisting properties first observed in 1912. Two groups, working independently, concurrently discovered what came to be known as austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. Martensitic and precipitation-hardened stainless steels would be developed later. This chapter discusses each of these four major types of stainless steel and their respective compositions, properties, and uses. It explains how alloying, heat treating, and various hardening processes affect corrosion performance, and includes a detailed discussion on the optimization of martensitic stainless steels for cutlery applications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pht2.t51440175
EISBN: 978-1-62708-262-4
... groups of stainless steels are discussed: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, precipitation-hardening, and duplex grades. The chapter also describes the heat treatment conditions that should be maintained for processing of stainless steels. chemical composition corrosion resistance heat treatment...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the processes involved in heat treating of stainless steels, providing information on the classification, chemical compositions, and corrosion resistance of stainless steels and the effect of specific elements on the characteristics of iron-base alloys. Five groups of stainless steels are discussed: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, precipitation-hardening, and duplex grades. The chapter also describes the heat treatment conditions that should be maintained for processing of stainless steels.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310137
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... Abstract This chapter discusses the composition, alloying characteristics, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, advantages, limitations, and applications of martensitic, semiaustenitic, and austenitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steels. mechanical properties corrosion...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310181
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... a general description of the machining behavior of the stainless steel families, namely ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, precipitation hardening, duplex, and super stainless steels. The beneficial effect of controlled inclusions is then discussed. The chapter ends with a section providing...
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the metallurgical factors governing the machinability of stainless steels. It begins by describing the chemistry, cleanliness, structure, processing history, and the cross-section size of the stock of the different grades of stainless steel. This is followed by a general description of the machining behavior of the stainless steel families, namely ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, precipitation hardening, duplex, and super stainless steels. The beneficial effect of controlled inclusions is then discussed. The chapter ends with a section providing information on high-speed tool steel and carbide tooling, along with tool coatings and coolants applicable to stainless steel.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310201
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... of the categories of stainless steels, namely austenitic, duplex, ferritic, martensitic, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels. This is followed by a discussion of the selection criteria for materials to be welded. Various welding processes used with stainless steel are then described. The...
Abstract
This chapter provides a basis for understanding the influence of stainless steel alloy composition and metallurgy on the welding process, which involves complex dynamics associated with melting, refining, and thermal processing. It begins with an overview of the welding characteristics of the categories of stainless steels, namely austenitic, duplex, ferritic, martensitic, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels. This is followed by a discussion of the selection criteria for materials to be welded. Various welding processes used with stainless steel are then described. The chapter ends with a section on some of the practices to ensure safety and weld quality.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pht2.t51440159
EISBN: 978-1-62708-262-4
... Abstract This chapter discusses the processes involved in heat treating of stainless steels, providing information on the classification, chemical compositions, and corrosion resistance of stainless steels. Five groups of stainless steels are discussed: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the processes involved in heat treating of stainless steels, providing information on the classification, chemical compositions, and corrosion resistance of stainless steels. Five groups of stainless steels are discussed: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, precipitation-hardening, and duplex grades. The chapter also describes the heat treatment conditions that should be followed for processing of stainless steels.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 May 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hma.t59250093
EISBN: 978-1-62708-287-7
... general martensitic grades were covered in the United States by patent applications made in March 1915 by both Elwood Haynes and Harry Brearley. Rather than fight the conflict in court, Brearley and Thomas Firth and Sons formed a syndicate named The Stainless Steel Company to hold all patents. Haynes...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the development of stainless steel. It begins with some information on the discovery of stainless steel. This is followed by a discussion on the most important patents issued for stainless steel. Applications of stainless steel beyond their original use in cutlery and tableware are then presented. Information on the development of alloys for specific applications and on the argon oxygen decarburization process is also provided. The chapter ends with a discussion on the major use for stainless steel after WWII.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310161
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... Abstract This chapter discusses different thermal processes applicable to the various alloy groups of stainless steels, namely austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, precipitation hardening, and duplex stainless steels. The processes discussed include soaking, annealing, stress relieving...
Abstract
This chapter discusses different thermal processes applicable to the various alloy groups of stainless steels, namely austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, precipitation hardening, and duplex stainless steels. The processes discussed include soaking, annealing, stress relieving, austenitizing, tempering, aging, and conditioning.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... Abstract Metallurgy, as discussed in this chapter, focuses on phases normally encountered in stainless steels and their characteristics. This chapter describes the thermodynamics and the three basic phases of stainless steels: ferrite, austenite, and martensite. Formation of the principal...
Abstract
Metallurgy, as discussed in this chapter, focuses on phases normally encountered in stainless steels and their characteristics. This chapter describes the thermodynamics and the three basic phases of stainless steels: ferrite, austenite, and martensite. Formation of the principal intermetallic phases is also covered. In addition, the chapter provides information on carbides, nitrides, precipitation hardening, and inclusions.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.phtbp.t59310163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-326-3
... the soft austenite into martensite or lower bainite in the hardening operation. The chapter provides information on various quenching systems and a description of quenching techniques, namely austempering, martempering, and patenting. Difficulties associated with hardening of steel are discussed...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the processes involved in the heat treatment of steel, namely austenitizing, hardening, quenching, and tempering. It begins with an overview of austenitizing of steels by induction heating, followed by a discussion on the processes involved in transformation of the soft austenite into martensite or lower bainite in the hardening operation. The chapter provides information on various quenching systems and a description of quenching techniques, namely austempering, martempering, and patenting. Difficulties associated with hardening of steel are discussed. Further, the chapter describes the equipment used for and principal variables of tempering. It discusses the causes for various forms of embrittlement due to tempering. Information on multiple tempering, protective-atmosphere tempering, and selective tempering are also provided, along with processes involved in selection of tempering temperature. The chapter ends with a section discussing various effects, advantages, and disadvantages of precipitation hardening.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fahtsc.t51130285
EISBN: 978-1-62708-284-6
... martensitic steel Hg, In, Sn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Li, Cu Austenitic stainless steel Zn, Cu, Li Titanium alloys Hg, Cd, Ag, Au Aluminum alloys Hg, Ga, In, Sn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Na Copper alloys Hg, Ga, Bi, Zn, Li, Sn, Pb, In Zirconium alloys Hg, Cd, Cd-Cs, Zn Nickel alloys Hg, In, Li, Zn, Ag...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the causes and cases associated with the problems originated by tempering of steels. To provide background on this phenomenon, a brief description of the martensite reactions and the steel heat treatment of tempering is given to review the different stages of microstructural transformation. A section describing the types of embrittlement from tempering, along with mechanical tests for the determination of temper embrittlement (TE), is presented. Various factors involved in the interaction of the TE phenomenon with hydrogen embrittlement and liquid-metal embrittlement are also provided. The cases covered are grinding cracks on steel cam shaft and transgranular and intergranular crack path in commercial steels.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310109
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement in the annealed condition ( Ref 17 ). As with martensitic stainless steels, this susceptibility is a maximum near room temperature and declines with increasing temperature, as opposed to austenitics, which see their maximum susceptibility above room temperature. This...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310269
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... Abstract This appendix contains tables listing the composition of austenitic, ferrite, martensitic, precipitation-hardenable, and duplex stainless steels and of Alloy Casting Institute heat- and corrosion-resisting casting alloys. chemical composition austenitic stainless steel duplex...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310069
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
.... Figure 4 shows the variation of martensite formation with temperature and true strain for 304. Martensite formed in these alloys is quite stable and does not revert until heated well above the temperatures ( Fig. 5 ) at which it was formed. The carbon levels of austenitic stainless steels are always...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the compositions, mechanical properties, phase structure, stabilization, corrosion resistance, and advantages of austenitic stainless steels. Austenitic alloys are classified and reviewed in three groups: (1) lean alloys, such as 201 and 301, which are generally used when high strength or high formability is the main objective; (2) chromium nickel alloys used for high temperature oxidation resistance; and (3) chromium, molybdenum, nickel, and nitrogen alloys used for applications where corrosion resistance is the main objective.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310091
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
... Abstract This chapter provides information on the structure, design aspects, mechanical properties, forming, machining, and corrosion resistance characteristics of duplex stainless steels. The different types of corrosion covered are general corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, and...
Abstract
This chapter provides information on the structure, design aspects, mechanical properties, forming, machining, and corrosion resistance characteristics of duplex stainless steels. The different types of corrosion covered are general corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmsspmp.9781627083126
EISBN: 978-1-62708-312-6
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fahtsc.t51130351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-284-6
... techniques. The microstructure ( Fig. 23 ) consisted of tempered martensite, with carbides outlining the prior-austenitic grain boundaries. This is not a typical microstructure for quenched and tempered AISI 420 stainless steel (Ref 2) . Fig. 23 Microstructure of failed roll pin. Microstructure...
Abstract
This chapter presents various case histories that illustrate a variety of failure mechanisms experienced by the high-strength steel components in aerospace applications. The components covered are catapult holdback bar, AISI 420 stainless steel roll pin, main landing gear (MLG) lever, inboard flap hinge bolt, nose landing gear piston axle, multiple-leg aircraft-handling sling, aircraft hoist sling, internal spur gear, and MLG axle. In addition, the chapter provides information on full-scale fatigue testing, nondestructive testing, and failure analysis of fin attach bolts.