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martensite
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... The formation of martensite is characterized by its athermal transformation kinetics, crystallographic features, and development of fine structure. This chapter describes the diffusionless, shear-type transformation of austenite to martensite and how it affects the morphology and microstructure...
Abstract
The formation of martensite is characterized by its athermal transformation kinetics, crystallographic features, and development of fine structure. This chapter describes the diffusionless, shear-type transformation of austenite to martensite and how it affects the morphology and microstructure of heat-treatable carbon steels. It also provides information on lath and plate martensite and how they differ in structure and deformation properties.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmcs.t66560283
EISBN: 978-1-62708-291-4
...Abstract Abstract This chapter describes the effects that can be observed by light microscopy when a steel in the hardened condition, consisting of martensite and possibly some retained austenite, is heated at subcritical temperatures. It includes micrographs that illustrate the effect...
Abstract
This chapter describes the effects that can be observed by light microscopy when a steel in the hardened condition, consisting of martensite and possibly some retained austenite, is heated at subcritical temperatures. It includes micrographs that illustrate the effect of carbide precipitation, the decomposition of retained austenite, and recovery and recrystallization. It also includes images that reveal the characteristic structures produced by tempering medium-carbon hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid steels as well as the effects of plastic deformation, austenitic grain size, and temper brittleness.
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in Sources of Failures in Carburized and Carbonitrided Components
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700127
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
...Abstract Abstract Martensitic steels are produced by quenching carbon steel from the austenite phase into martensite. This chapter provides information on the composition, microstructures, processing, deformation mechanisms, mechanical properties, hot forming, tempering, and special attributes...
Abstract
Martensitic steels are produced by quenching carbon steel from the austenite phase into martensite. This chapter provides information on the composition, microstructures, processing, deformation mechanisms, mechanical properties, hot forming, tempering, and special attributes of martensitic steels.
Image
in Advanced Steels for Forming Operations
> Metallography of SteelsInterpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 13.10 Detail from Fig. 13.9 . Ferrite (light) and martensite. The martensite areas are easier to observe. In this case, in the optical microscope retained austenite cannot be identified. Etchant: nital 3%. Courtesy of C. S. Viana, EEIMVR-UFF, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil. Source: Ref 5
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Image
Published: 01 November 2012
Fig. 10 Fracture toughness and martensite twin density as a function of martensite start temperature for an Fe-Cr-C steel. Source: Ref 1
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Image
Published: 31 December 2020
Fig. 28 Light micrographs of morphologies of martensite. (a) Lath martensite in low-carbon steel (0.03C-2.0Mn, wt%) at original magnification: 100×. (b) Plate martensite in matrix of retained austenite in a high-carbon (1.2 wt% C) steel at 1000×. (c) Mixed morphology of lath martensite with some
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Image
Published: 01 October 2011
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Published: 01 October 2011
Fig. 14.12 Martensite (β′) in aluminum bronze. (a) Martensite needles in Cu-11.8Al alloy homogenized at 800 °C and water quenched. (b) Martensite running from bottom right to top left. Cu-11.8Al alloy is heated to 900 °C (1650 °F), held 1 h, then water quenched. Source: Ref 14.6
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Published: 01 May 2018
FIG. 4.5 Martensite microstructure. The transformation of austenite to martensite was not understood until much additional research was performed.
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Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 17.25 Change in martensite lath boundary area per unit volume in martensite of an Fe-0.20% C alloy tempered at 400 °C (750 °F) for various times. Source: Ref 17.40
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in The Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram and Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) Diagrams
> Principles of the Heat Treatment of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Published: 01 December 1996
Fig. 2-11 Examples of the microstructure of martensite. (a) Lath martensite in a low-carbon alloy steel (0.03% C, 2% Mn); (b) Plate martensite (marked P) and lath martensite in medium-carbon (0.57% C) steel; (c) Plate martensite in a high-carbon (1.2% C) steel. Matrix is retained austenite
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310123
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
...Abstract Abstract This chapter discusses the metallurgy, phase structure, thermal processing, and applications of martensitic stainless steels. The phenomenon of martensite formation is explained. A table listing the compositions of martensitic stainless steels is also presented...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1983
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mlt.t62860295
EISBN: 978-1-62708-348-5
...Abstract Abstract This chapter concentrates on very low-temperature martensitic transformations, which are of great concern for cryogenic applications and research. The principal transformation characteristics are reviewed and then elaborated. The material classes or alloy systems that exhibit...
Abstract
This chapter concentrates on very low-temperature martensitic transformations, which are of great concern for cryogenic applications and research. The principal transformation characteristics are reviewed and then elaborated. The material classes or alloy systems that exhibit martensitic transformations at very low temperatures are discussed. In particular, the martensitic transformations and their effects in austenitic stainless steels, iron-nickel alloys, practical superconductors, alkali metals, solidified gases, and polymers are discussed.
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in Metallurgy of Steels and Related Boiler Tube Materials
> Failure Investigation of Boiler TubesA Comprehensive Approach
Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 3.13 Transformation of fcc austenite to bct martensite, known as the bain model
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Image
Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 6.14 Tempered martensite, (a) at unaffected location, 400×; and (b) at fracture edge with scattered fissures in the matrix. The fracture edge is covered with a scale, 200×.
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Image
Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 6.37 Core microstructure of a tube showing ferrite and tempered martensite, (a) 400×, (b) 1000×
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in Failures Due to Lack of Quality Control or Improper Quality Control
> Failure Investigation of Boiler TubesA Comprehensive Approach
Published: 01 December 2018
Fig. 6.172 (a) Parent metal microstructure of tempered martensite, 200×; microstructures (b) 400× and (c) 200× are of the outer edge and HAZ consisting of martensite with acicular needles
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in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of SteelsInterpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.9 (a) Martensite lattice parameters as a function of carbon content. (b) The hardness of martensite as a function of the carbon content. In the gray region, untransformed (retained) austenite may be present. The upper limit of the region corresponds to the real hardness of martensitic
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in Conventional Heat Treatments—Usual Constituents and Their Formation
> Metallography of SteelsInterpretation of Structure and the Effects of Processing
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 9.13 A schematic representation illustrating how it is possible for martensite (α′) to maintain macroscopic coherency with the surrounding austenite (γ). For this to happen, martensite must form with well-defined crystallography in relation to the parent austenite, as discussed, for instance
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