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Liquid silicon infiltration process. Chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), sil...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2010
Fig. 21.20 Liquid silicon infiltration process. Chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), ceramic matrix composite (CMC)
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Book Chapter
Ceramic Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870573
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
... and pyrolysis, chemical vapor infiltration, directed metal oxidation, and liquid silicon infiltration. ceramic matrix composites chemical vapor infiltration directed metal oxidation liquid silicon infiltration polymer infiltration and pyrolysis slurry infiltration MONOLITHIC CERAMIC MATERIALS...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the types of fibers and matrix materials used in ceramic matrix composites and the role of interfacial coatings. It describes the methods used to produce ceramic composites, including powder processing, slurry infiltration and consolidation, polymer infiltration and pyrolysis, chemical vapor infiltration, directed metal oxidation, and liquid silicon infiltration.
Book Chapter
Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550569
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... composites chemical vapor infiltration directed metal oxidation hot pressing liquid silicon infiltration polymer infiltration reaction bonding sol-gel techniques MONOLITHIC CERAMIC MATERIALS contain many desirable properties, such as high moduli, high compression strengths, high-temperature...
Abstract
Ceramic-matrix composites possess many of the desirable qualities of monolithic ceramics, but are much tougher because of the reinforcements. This chapter explains how reinforcements are used in ceramic-matrix composites and how they alter energy-dissipating mechanisms and load-carrying behaviors. It compares the stress-strain curves for monolithic ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites, noting improvements afforded by the addition of reinforcements. It then goes on to discuss the key attributes, properties, and applications of discontinuously reinforced ceramic composites, continuous fiber ceramic composites, and carbon-carbon composites. It also describes a number of ceramic-matrix composite processing methods, including cold pressing and sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, directed metal oxidation, and liquid, vapor, and polymer infiltration.
Book Chapter
Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.emea.t52240607
EISBN: 978-1-62708-251-8
... reinforcement. Both discontinuous and continuous aluminum-copper, aluminum-silicon, and aluminum-magnesium casting alloys reinforced with up to 45 vol% SiC have been produced. Liquid Metal Infiltration Pressure infiltration casting (PIC) is similar to squeeze casting except that gas, rather than...
Abstract
Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) work at higher temperatures than their base metal counterparts and can be engineered for improved strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity, abrasion and/or creep resistance, and dimensional stability. This chapter examines the properties, compositions, and performance-cost tradeoffs of common MMCs, including aluminum-matrix composites, titanium-matrix composites, and fiber-metal laminates. It also explains how fiber-reinforced composites and laminates are made, describing both continuous and discontinuous fiber matrix production processes.
Book Chapter
Metal Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870537
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
... and slurry casting, liquid metal infiltration, spray deposition, powder metallurgy, extrusion, hot rolling, and forging. The chapter also provides information on continuous-fiber aluminum and titanium composites as well as particle-reinforced titanium and fiber metal (glass aluminum) laminates...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of metal matrix composites and the methods used to produce them. It begins with a review of the composition and properties of aluminum matrix composites. It then describes discontinuous composite processing methods, including stir and slurry casting, liquid metal infiltration, spray deposition, powder metallurgy, extrusion, hot rolling, and forging. The chapter also provides information on continuous-fiber aluminum and titanium composites as well as particle-reinforced titanium and fiber metal (glass aluminum) laminates.
Book Chapter
Corrosion of Aluminum Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 1999
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.caaa.t67870179
EISBN: 978-1-62708-299-0
... constitute from 10 to 70 vol% of the composite. Continuous-fiber or filament reinforcements for aluminum include graphite, silicon carbide (SiC), boron, and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). Fabrication techniques for these composites vary from vapor deposition coating of the fibers, liquid-metal infiltration...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the ambient-temperature corrosion characteristics of aluminum metal-matrix composites (MMCs), including composites formed with boron, graphite, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, and mica. It also discusses the effect of stress-corrosion cracking on graphite-aluminum composites and the use of protective coatings and design criteria for corrosion prevention.
Book Chapter
Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... composites, including those produced by preform infiltration and powder metallurgy (PM) techniques. Processing methods for discontinuous aluminum MMCs include various casting processes, liquid metal infiltration, spray deposition, and PM. Each of these processes is briefly reviewed in the following...
Abstract
Metal-matrix composites can operate at higher temperatures than their base metal counterparts and, unlike polymer-matrix composites, are nonflammable, do not outgas in a vacuum, and resist attack by solvents and fuels. They can also be tailored to provide greater strength and stiffness, among other properties, in preferred directions and locations. This chapter discusses the processes and procedures used in the production of fiber-reinforced aluminum and titanium metal-matrix composites. It explains how the length and orientation of reinforcing fibers affect the properties and processing characteristics of both aluminum and titanium composites. It also provides information on fiber-metal laminates and the use of different matrix metals and reinforcing materials.
Book Chapter
Structural Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550511
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
.... The shape is then infiltrated with silicon metal; the silicon metal acts to bond the SiC particles together. The properties of the two families of SiC are similar in some ways and quite different in others. Both materials have very high hardness and high thermal conductivities. The fracture toughness...
Abstract
Ceramics normally have high melting temperatures, excellent chemical stability and, due to the absence of conduction electrons, tend to be good electrical and thermal insulators. They are also inherently hard and brittle, and when loaded in tension, have almost no tolerance for flaws. This chapter describes the applications, properties, and behaviors of some of the more widely used structural ceramics, including alumina, aluminum titanate, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA), magnesia-partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ), and yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP). It also provides information on materials selection, design optimization, and joining methods, and covers every step of the ceramic production process.
Book Chapter
Brief Glossary of Terms
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmsspmp.t52000223
EISBN: 978-1-62708-312-6
.... The driving force for the binder metal. A metal used as a binder. infiltration of the pores of a sintered compact binder phase. The soft metallic phase that by a liquid. cements the carbide particles in cemented carbonyl powder. Powders prepared by the carbides. More generally, a phase in a hetero- thermal...
Abstract
This appendix is a compilation of terms and definitions associated with the processing, microstructure, and properties of powder metal stainless steels.
Book Chapter
The Role of Materials in Defining Process Constraints
Available to PurchaseBook: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230143
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
.... Other partitioned brazes of this type include gold/niobium/gold and other brazes with a vanadium foil in the center. Another example of partitioning of braze constituents is a low-melting-point quaternary braze for aluminum, which contains aluminum, copper, silicon, and nickel as the main...
Abstract
This chapter considers the role of materials in brazing operations and the manner in which they impact on the choice of processing conditions and their optimization. The concepts covered are metallurgical and mechanical constraints, and constraints imposed by the components and their solutions as well as service environment considerations.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.t56040030
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
... for characterization via examination techniques, such as optical or electron microscopy. The process flow includes preliminary resin infiltration, sectioning, mounting, grinding, and polishing. To aid in the identification and resolution of common issues during subsequent specimen analysis, the article presents common...
Abstract
This article presents best practices for the metallographic preparation of specimens produced via thermal spray coating methods. It outlines typical metallographic preparation process flow, highlighting important considerations for obtaining a clear and representative specimen suitable for characterization via examination techniques, such as optical or electron microscopy. The process flow includes preliminary resin infiltration, sectioning, mounting, grinding, and polishing. To aid in the identification and resolution of common issues during subsequent specimen analysis, the article presents common issues, along with causes and mitigation strategies. It describes the processes involved in the interpretation of the thermal spray coating microstructure.
Book Chapter
Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ems.t53730115
EISBN: 978-1-62708-283-9
.... Variability in fiber spacing ( Fig. 10.3 ) may result during the infiltration of fiber arrangements by liquid resins. Approximately 55 to 60% is the practical upper limit for volume fraction fibers in unidirectional alignments. It is even lower in woven or cross-ply reinforcement. Fig. 10.3 Glass...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the properties and uses of fiber-reinforced composites. It also describes the effect of volume fraction and fiber length.
Book Chapter
Tribological Properties of Ceramics, Cermets, and Cemented Carbides
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300271
EISBN: 978-1-62708-323-2
..., but because SiC is so hard and corrosion resistant, it is expected to perform well in slurry and liquid erosion wherever the liquid is not corrosive to the SiC. Hanson ( Ref 10.2 ), in an extensive solid-particle erosion study (ASTM STP 664), showed that silicon carbide at room temperature had better...
Abstract
This chapter concerns itself with the tribology of ceramics, cermets, and cemented carbides. It begins by describing the composition and friction and wear behaviors of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and zirconia. It then compares and contrasts the microstructure, properties, and relative merits of cermets with those of cemented carbides.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tstap.9781627084284
EISBN: 978-1-62708-428-4
Book Chapter
Advances in Soldering Technology
Available to PurchaseBook: Principles of Soldering
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ps.t62440189
EISBN: 978-1-62708-352-2
... conductivity (77 W/m · K) than high-lead solders, lower thermal expansivity (20 × 10 –6 /K), and, moreover, foil can be produced by hot rolling at 250 °C (482 °F). Fluxless attachment of gold-metallized silicon die to silver-plated copper leadframes has been demonstrated with this solder using a die-bonding...
Abstract
This chapter presents several materials and processes related to soldering technology. It first provides information on lead-free solders, followed by sections devoted to flip-chip processes, diffusion soldering, and modeling. Scanning acoustic microscopy and fine-focus x-ray techniques are also discussed. The chapter describes several evaluation procedures and tests developed to measure solderability and standards for process calibration. The chapter also describes the characteristics of reinforced solders, amalgams used as solders, and other strategies to boost the strength of solders. Further, the chapter considers methods for quantifying the mechanical integrity of joints and predicting their dimensional stability under specified environmental conditions. It discusses the effects of rare earth elements on the properties of solders. The chapter concludes with information on advanced joint characterization techniques.
Book Chapter
Brazes and Their Metallurgy
Available to PurchaseBook: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
... that produces a liquid phase suitable for a joining operation below the melting temperature of a different combination of elements that constitute the parent material. The survey will begin with consideration of silver-base brazing alloys. These refer mostly to those based on the silver-copper-zinc alloy...
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of families of brazing alloys that one is likely to encounter in a manufacturing environment. It discusses the metallurgical aspects of brazing and includes a survey of brazing alloy systems. A discussion of deleterious and beneficial impurities is provided with examples. The chapter also describes the application of phase diagrams to brazing.
Book
Powder Metallurgy Stainless Steels: Processing, Microstructures, and Properties
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2007
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pmsspmp.9781627083126
EISBN: 978-1-62708-312-6
Book Chapter
Localizing Defects with Thermal Detection Techniques
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfadr7.t91110209
EISBN: 978-1-62708-247-1
... sections are devoted to the discussion on liquid-crystal imaging and fluorescent microthermal imaging technique for thermal detection. defect localization failure analysis fluorescent microthermal imaging infrared thermography liquid-crystal imaging thermal detection techniques Introduction...
Abstract
Many defects generate excessive heat during operation; this is due to the power dissipation associated with the excess current flow at the defect site. There are several thermal detection techniques for failure analysis and this article focuses on infrared thermography with lock-in detection, which detects an object's temperature from its infrared emission based on blackbody radiation physics. The basic principles and the interpretation of the results are reviewed. Some typical results and a series of examples illustrating the application of this technique are also shown. Brief sections are devoted to the discussion on liquid-crystal imaging and fluorescent microthermal imaging technique for thermal detection.
Book Chapter
Materials Issues in Joining
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.jub.t53290279
EISBN: 978-1-62708-306-5
... notches and crevices associated with backing rings. Removing the weld root also improves the capabilities of nondestructive tests such as liquid penetrant, radiography, and ultrasonics. Preheat and Postweld Heat Treatments The selection of an appropriate preheat or PWHT for a welded joint can...
Abstract
This chapter reviews materials issues encountered in joining, including challenges involved in welding of dissimilar metal combinations; joining of plastics by mechanical fastening, solvent and adhesive bonding, and welding; joining of thermoset and thermoplastic composite materials by mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, and, for thermoplastic composites, welding; the making of glass-to-metal seals; and joining of oxide and nonoxide ceramics to themselves and to metals by solid-state processes and by brazing. The classification, types, applications, and the mechanism of each of these methods are covered. The factors influencing joint integrity and the main considerations in welding dissimilar metal combinations are also discussed.
Book Chapter
Powder Metallurgy
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mfub.t53740373
EISBN: 978-1-62708-308-9
... limit the oxygen content to that of the liquid melt prior to atomization. Water-atomized tool steels and stainless steels are examples where surface oxides (silicon oxides in stainless steels) are reduced during sintering at high temperatures in a low-dew-point furnace atmosphere (or by carbon in vacuum...
Abstract
This chapter covers the basic steps of the powder metallurgy process, including powder manufacture, powder blending, compacting, and sintering. It identifies important powder characteristics such as particle size, size distribution, particle shape, and purity. It compares and contrasts mechanical, chemical, electrochemical, and atomizing processes used in powder production, discusses powder treatments, and describes consolidation techniques along with secondary operations used to obtain special properties or improve dimensional precision. It also discusses common defects such as ejection cracks, density variations, and microlaminations.
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