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lightweight materials
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
.... This chapter provides a brief overview of these lightweight materials, discussing their primary advantages along with their properties, behaviors, and limitations. lightweight materials DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION of the 18th and 19th centuries, the basic materials of construction were sparse...
Abstract
Engineers have many materials to choose from when dealing with weight-related design constraints. The list includes aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, and titanium alloys as well as engineering plastics, structural ceramics, and polymer-, metal-, and ceramic-matrix composites. This chapter provides a brief overview of these lightweight materials, discussing their primary advantages along with their properties, behaviors, and limitations.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550621
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... processes and their compatibility with specific materials. The chapter then presents general guidelines for selecting lightweight materials, and concludes with a review of lightweight metals, plastics, and composites used in automotive applications. automotive materials lightweight materials...
Abstract
This chapter consists of three parts. The first part provides data and guidelines for selecting materials and processing routes. It compares the basic properties of metals, ceramics, and polymers, identifies important measures of performance, and discusses manufacturing processes and their compatibility with specific materials. The chapter then presents general guidelines for selecting lightweight materials, and concludes with a review of lightweight metals, plastics, and composites used in automotive applications.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.9781627083072
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
Image
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 1.9 Cost penalties for reducing mass of various lightweight materials. HS, high-strength; SMC, sheet molding compound; GF, glass fiber. Source: Ref 1.9
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Image
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 1.10 Specific strength of various lightweight materials. RP, reinforced polymer. Source: Ref 1.12
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Image
Published: 01 October 2012
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550299
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
...Abstract Abstract Titanium aluminides are lightweight materials that have relatively high melting points and good high-temperature strength. They also tend to be stronger and lighter than conventional titanium alloys, but considerably less ductile. This chapter begins with a review...
Abstract
Titanium aluminides are lightweight materials that have relatively high melting points and good high-temperature strength. They also tend to be stronger and lighter than conventional titanium alloys, but considerably less ductile. This chapter begins with a review of the titanium-aluminum phase diagram, focusing on the properties, compositions, and microstructures of alpha-2 Ti3Al alloys. It then describes the properties, microstructures, and compositions of orthorhombic, gamma, and near-gamma alloys as well as the processing methods and procedures normally used in their production.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... safety, ensure product reliability, and increase affordability have prompted the auto industry and material suppliers to develop a wide range of solutions to meet these requirements. The solutions include: optimization of product design, incorporation of lightweight materials, utilization of downgaging...
Abstract
This chapter provides information on the major drivers for automakers and the solutions to address these industry drivers and meet their business goals. It discusses the importance of steel in the industry and briefly describes the development and significance of advanced high-strength steels for the industry.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ttg2.t61120005
EISBN: 978-1-62708-269-3
...Abstract Abstract Titanium is a lightweight metal with a density approximately 60% that of steel and, through alloying and deformation processing, it can be just as strong. It is readily available in many grades and forms and can be further processed using standard methods and techniques...
Abstract
Titanium is a lightweight metal with a density approximately 60% that of steel and, through alloying and deformation processing, it can be just as strong. It is readily available in many grades and forms and can be further processed using standard methods and techniques. This chapter provides a concise review of the capabilities of titanium and its design advantages over other materials. It includes information on properties and selection factors as well as applications.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320305
EISBN: 978-1-62708-332-4
... reduction increases ( Ref 5 ). The cost of lightweighting by material replacement should not outweigh the savings achieved by gasoline or electric energy reduction. Battery packs are the most expensive component of electric vehicles; therefore, their cost, lifespan, and energy consumption...
Abstract
Iron and steel have been the most useful materials to meet the needs of several industries for many decades. Each iron and steel alloy offers unique attributes that make them the best choice for an application. This chapter provides an overview of each ferrous alloy—gray iron, malleable iron, compacted graphite iron (CGI), ductile iron, austempered ductile iron (ADI), and carbon steel and low-alloy steel; its versatile attributes; and its individual applications. A large section of the chapter covers the impact of electric vehicles on the future of the iron and steel castings industry, including discussion on electric vehicle categories and weights; impact of center of gravity on stability and steering; lightweighting incentives; and engineering for improved suspension.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.hpcspa.t54460209
EISBN: 978-1-62708-285-3
... of powder metallurgy (PM) to the manufacturing process. The automobile corporations have especially driven the development of fabrication processes for lightweight components ( Ref 8.24 ). However, the PM and sintering processes are not appropriate for the fabrication of thermally sensitive material. Also...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the application of high-pressure cold spray to the automotive industry field, with special attention to three applications: additive manufacturing, fabrication methods, and protective coatings. Various studies on the automotive application of cold spray are reviewed. The background and purpose of each application are presented and practical cases are discussed.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.omfrc.9781627083492
EISBN: 978-1-62708-349-2
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.omfrc.t53030001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-349-2
... Ultrathin section of a particle-modified interlayer-toughened composite material. Transmitted-light Hoffman modulation contrast, 20× objective Honeycomb/Foam Structure Composite Materials To further reduce the already lightweight composite materials and increase stiffness, structures have been...
Abstract
This chapter provides a general description of materials and methods for manufacturing high-performance composites. The materials covered are polymer matrices and prepreg materials and the methods include infusion processes, composite-toughening methods, matrix-toughening methods, and dispersed-phase toughening. In addition, the chapter provides information on interlayer-toughened composites and honeycomb or foam structure composite materials. It also discusses the processes in optical microscopy of composite materials.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550193
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
.../in. 3 ). Source: Ref 4.1 Fig. 4.1 Specific modulus comparison of lightweight materials. Source: Ref 4.1 The microyield strength of beryllium is important in guidance system components for ships, aircraft, and missiles. In a gyroscopic system, permanent errors can be introduced...
Abstract
Beryllium is an extraordinary metal with an unusual combination of physical and mechanical properties. It has low density, high stiffness, and excellent dimensional stability. It is also transparent to x-rays and can be machined to extremely close tolerances. This chapter discusses the properties, compositions, and processing characteristics of beryllium and its alloys. It provides information on powder production and consolidation, commercial designations and grades, wrought products, and forming processes. It also discusses the issue of corrosion, the use of protective treatments and coatings, and health and safety concerns.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... and processing characteristics of both aluminum and titanium composites. It also provides information on fiber-metal laminates and the use of different matrix metals and reinforcing materials. aluminum composites fiber-metal laminates metal-matrix composites titanium composites METAL-MATRIX...
Abstract
Metal-matrix composites can operate at higher temperatures than their base metal counterparts and, unlike polymer-matrix composites, are nonflammable, do not outgas in a vacuum, and resist attack by solvents and fuels. They can also be tailored to provide greater strength and stiffness, among other properties, in preferred directions and locations. This chapter discusses the processes and procedures used in the production of fiber-reinforced aluminum and titanium metal-matrix composites. It explains how the length and orientation of reinforcing fibers affect the properties and processing characteristics of both aluminum and titanium composites. It also provides information on fiber-metal laminates and the use of different matrix metals and reinforcing materials.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700199
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... on materials include improvements in the production, processing, and performance of lightweight materials: aluminum, magnesium, composites, and steel. Projects on advanced processes include press optimization, flexible binder, warm forming, controllable drawbeads, and welding optimization. Auto/Steel...
Abstract
This chapter provides information on ultra-light steel family research programs conducted by the global steel industry under the umbrella of WorldAutoSteel. It discusses the collaboration efforts between U.S government, industry, and academia on advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) technology. Some of the projects on AHSS research and development are also reviewed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700177
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... is used in limited applications. Downgaging Limits The automotive industry has adopted lightweighting as a greenhouse reduction strategy. Lightweighting is achieved by downgaging vehicle components and using high-strength materials. Advanced high-strength steel designs take advantage...
Abstract
This chapter describes the nature of the problems arising from using advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) and discusses potential remedies to minimize the adverse effects that may limit the adoption of AHSS in the automotive industry. The discussion provides information on press energy, springback, residual stress, die wear, hot forming, downgaging limits, welding, binders, draw beads, and tool material wear.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550569
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
...-matrix composites chemical vapor infiltration directed metal oxidation hot pressing liquid silicon infiltration polymer infiltration reaction bonding sol-gel techniques MONOLITHIC CERAMIC MATERIALS contain many desirable properties, such as high moduli, high compression strengths, high...
Abstract
Ceramic-matrix composites possess many of the desirable qualities of monolithic ceramics, but are much tougher because of the reinforcements. This chapter explains how reinforcements are used in ceramic-matrix composites and how they alter energy-dissipating mechanisms and load-carrying behaviors. It compares the stress-strain curves for monolithic ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites, noting improvements afforded by the addition of reinforcements. It then goes on to discuss the key attributes, properties, and applications of discontinuously reinforced ceramic composites, continuous fiber ceramic composites, and carbon-carbon composites. It also describes a number of ceramic-matrix composite processing methods, including cold pressing and sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, directed metal oxidation, and liquid, vapor, and polymer infiltration.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700263
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... AHSS by the Integrated Computational Materials Engineering approach. advanced high-strength steels integrated computational materials engineering approach microstructural design THE FIRST GENERATION of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) is ferritic-based and it includes dual-phase (DP...
Abstract
This chapter focuses on key requirements for obtaining third-generation advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). The discussion covers the microstructure design for AHSS, novel AHSS processing routes, the development of nanostructured AHSS, and the development of third-generation AHSS by the Integrated Computational Materials Engineering approach.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.lmub.t53550141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-307-2
... at high speeds and thus must be lightweight to minimize inertial forces. Materials handling equipment includes dock boards, grain shovels, and gravity conveyors. Commercial applications include handheld tools, computer housings, and mobile phone cases. Magnesium alloys are valuable for aerospace...
Abstract
Magnesium, by volume, is two-thirds the weight of aluminum and one-quarter the weight of steel. It also has good damping capacity, giving it an edge over other metals in high-vibration environments. This chapter discusses the basic metallurgy, alloy designations, compositions, and mechanical properties of cast and wrought magnesium alloys. It also describes the processes used to produce magnesium parts, the causes and effects of corrosion, and the use of protective coatings and treatments.