Search Results for layer manufacturing

This chapter discusses the process, principles, and modeling of the diffusion brazing system. The applications of diffusion brazing to wide-gap joining and layer manufacturing are also discussed.

This chapter reviews some of the differences between powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing and explains how they influence the microstructure and properties of various alloys and the formation of defects in manufactured parts.

This chapter assesses the state of 3D printing among automakers, medical device manufacturers, and construction companies.

This chapter discusses the advantages and limitations of 3D printing technology for the production of batteries and supercapacitors. It explains how 3D printing methods facilitate the build of microdevices with hierarchical nanoarchitectures and controlled microstructure. It also reviews recent progress in fabricating electrodes and electrolytes using 3D-printed functional materials.

This chapter discusses the application of high-pressure cold spray to the automotive industry field, with special attention to three applications: additive manufacturing, fabrication methods, and protective coatings. Various studies on the automotive application of cold spray are reviewed. The background and purpose of each application are presented and practical cases are discussed.

Transistors are the most important active structure of any semiconductor component. Performance characteristics of such devices within the specifications are key to ensuring proper functionality and long-term reliability of the product. In this article, a summary of the semiconductor technology from design to manufacturing and the characterization methods are discussed. The focus is on two prominent MOS structures: planar MOS device and FinFET device. The article covers the device parameters and device properties that determine the design criteria and the device tuning procedures. The discussion includes the effects of drain induced barrier lowering, velocity saturation, hot carrier degradation, and short channel on these devices.

This chapter gives a brief review of the development of additive manufacturing (AM) and the appeal of different of different AM methods.

Most of the counterfeit parts detected in the electronics industry are either novel or surplus parts or salvaged scrap parts. This article begins by discussing the type of parts used to create counterfeits. It discusses the three most commonly used methods used by counterfeiters to create counterfeits. These include relabeling, refurbishing, and repackaging. The article presents a systematic inspection methodology that can be applied for detecting signs of possible part modifications. The methodology consists of external visual inspection, marking permanency tests, and X-ray inspection followed by material evaluation and characterization. These processes are typically followed by evaluation of the packages to identify defects, degradations, and failure mechanisms that are caused by the processes (e.g., cleaning, solder dipping of leads, reballing) used in creating counterfeit parts.

Ferritic nitrocarburizing accomplishes surface treatment of a part in the ferrite region of the iron-carbon equilibrium diagram. This chapter presents the history and process benefits of ferritic nitrocarburizing.

Over the revolutionary era of semiconductor technology, Computer-Aided Design Navigation (CADNav) tools have played an increasingly critical role in silicon debug and failure analysis (FA) in efforts to improve manufacturing yield while reducing time-to-market for integrated circuit (IC) products. This article encompasses the key principles of CADNav for various aspects of semiconductor FA and its importance for improved yield and profitability. An overview of the required input data and formats are described for both IC and package devices, along with key considerations and best practices recommended for fast fault localization, accurate root cause analysis, FA equipment utilization, efficient cross-team collaboration, and database management. Challenges with an FA lab ecosystem are addressed by providing an integrated database and software platform that enable design layout and schematic analysis in the FA lab for quick and accurate navigation and cross-tool collaboration.

Gaseous ferritic nitrocarburizing, like salt bath nitrocarburizing, involves the introduction of carbon and nitrogen into steel in order to produce a thin layer of iron carbonitride and nitrides, the "white layer" or compound layer, with an underlying diffusion zone containing dissolved nitrogen and iron (or alloy) nitrides. This chapter first presents the development and principles of the process. It then discusses the properties of gaseous ferritic nitrocarburized components. The chapter also presents the applications for the ferritic nitrocarburizing process. It provides an overview of the safety considerations.

This chapter provides a brief history of powder metallurgy from its earliest known uses to present day applications.

Distortion is defined as an irreversible and usually unpredictable dimensional change in a component due to thermal processing or temperature variations and loading in service. This chapter describes two types of distortion: size distortion and shape distortion. It addresses how distortion can be managed by controlling certain factors. The chapter discusses the cause and effect of distortion during nitriding, the processes involved in stock removal prior to nitriding, and the criteria for post-machining operations.

Passive components can be broadly divided into capacitors, resistors, and inductors. Failure analysis of these components helps determine the root cause and improve the overall quality and reliability of the electronic systems. This article describes different failure analysis approaches used for these components. It discusses different types of capacitors along with their constructions and failure modes. The types include tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, multi-layered ceramics, film, and super capacitors. The article then provides a discussion on the two common types of inductors, namely, common mode choke coil and surface mount powder choke coil.

Cold spray coatings technology has the potential to provide surface enhancement for applications in sectors such as defense and aerospace, oil and gas, power generation, medical, automotive, electronics, and railways. The ability to deposit clean metallic coatings is used in applications requiring corrosion/oxidation protection, erosion/wear protection, additive manufacturing, and fabricating free forms. This chapter discusses the function, advantages, and benefits of some of these applications.

This chapter discusses the various factors influencing the evaluation of fatigue fracture of nitrided layers. It begins by describing the problems of enhancing the fatigue resistance of machine components. The significance and detailed assessment of the effect of a structural flaw are then explained, using investigations of the effect of variable core conditions on fatigue resistance as an example. This is followed by a discussion on the processes involved in the evaluation of fatigue properties of nitrided steels. The chapter also describes the determination of the fatigue characteristics of nitrided steels after the carbonitriding treatment.

Tool steels are the ferrous alloys used to manufacture tools, dies, and molds that shape, form, and cut other materials, including steels, nonferrous metals, and plastics. This chapter explores the considerations that make tool steels a very special class of steels, the long historical evolution of iron and steel manufacture, including steels for tools, and the development of tool steels as they emerged from the general class of iron and steel products.

The increased use of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) to achieve weight reduction in automobiles has led to the development of tool designs and innovative manufacturing processes. These technologies and processes include: real-time process control, active drawbeads, active binders, flexible binders, flexible rolling, and additive manufacturing. This chapter focuses on these processes and technologies.

This chapter familiarizes readers with the design, configuration, and function of tooling and dies used to extrude aluminum alloys. It discuses basic design considerations, including the geometry, location, and orientation of die openings; allowances for thermal shrinkage, stretching, and deflection; and the length and profile of bearing surfaces. It outlines the steps and processes involved in die making, describes the selection and treatment of die materials, and examines the factors that influence friction and wear. It also discusses the general procedures for on-site die correction.