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joint design
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.scm.t52870449
EISBN: 978-1-62708-314-0
.... It then reviews the advantages and disadvantages of adhesively bonded joints and compares and contrasts the long-term performance of various joint designs. The chapter also discusses the merits of stepped-lap and bonded-bolted joints. adhesive bonding bonded joints mechanical fastening polymer matrix...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding, the primary methods for joining polymer matrix composites. It describes and analyzes the basic types of mechanically fastened joints, including single-hole and multirow bolted composite joints. It then reviews the advantages and disadvantages of adhesively bonded joints and compares and contrasts the long-term performance of various joint designs. The chapter also discusses the merits of stepped-lap and bonded-bolted joints.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.jub.t53290165
EISBN: 978-1-62708-306-5
... for base metal, the processes involved in precleaning and surface preparation, types of fluxes used, solder joint design, and solder heating methods. alloying elements brazing filler metals brazing solder joints soldering fluxes soldering surface preparation BRAZING AND SOLDERING processes...
Abstract
Brazing and soldering processes use a molten filler metal to wet the mating surfaces of a joint, with or without the aid of a fluxing agent, leading to the formation of a metallurgical bond between the filler and the respective components. This chapter discusses the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of brazing and soldering. The first part focuses on the fundamentals of the brazing process and provides information on filler metals and specific brazing methods. The soldering portion of the chapters provides information on solder alloys used, selection criteria for base metal, the processes involved in precleaning and surface preparation, types of fluxes used, solder joint design, and solder heating methods.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230401
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
..., joint design, and testing. beryllium alloys beryllium bonding brazing soldering welding BERYLLIUM has been successfully joined by fusion welding, brazing, solid-state bonding (diffusion bonding and deformation bonding), and soldering. These different processes are described...
Abstract
Beryllium has been successfully joined by fusion welding, brazing, solid-state bonding, and soldering. This chapter describes these processes in detail along with their advantages and disadvantages. It also addresses application considerations such as surface preparation, joint design, and testing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ffub.t53610263
EISBN: 978-1-62708-303-4
... This chapter discusses the fatigue behavior of bolted, riveted, and welded joints. It describes the relative strength of machined and rolled threads and the effect of thread design, preload, and clamping force on the fatigue strength of bolts made from different steels. It explains where fatigue failures...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the fatigue behavior of bolted, riveted, and welded joints. It describes the relative strength of machined and rolled threads and the effect of thread design, preload, and clamping force on the fatigue strength of bolts made from different steels. It explains where fatigue failures are likely to occur in cold-driven rivet and friction joints, and why the fatigue strength of welded joints can be much lower than that of the parent metal, depending on weld shape, joint geometry, discontinuities, and residual stresses. The chapter also explains how to improve the fatigue life of welded joints and discusses the factors that can reduce the fracture toughness of weld metals.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.stg2.t61280149
EISBN: 978-1-62708-267-9
..., of consumable electrode). (b) For GMAW (except with the short circuiting arc), root radius should be one-half the value shown, and bevel angle should be twice as great. Fig. 9.15 Joint designs and dimensions for some specific configurations in SMAW of solid solution strengthened nickel- and iron...
Abstract
Superalloys, except those with high aluminum and titanium contents, are welded with little difficulty. They can also be successfully brazed. This chapter describes the welding and brazing processes most often used and the factors that must be considered when making application decisions. It discusses the basic concepts of fusion welding and the differences between solid-solution-hardened and precipitation-hardened wrought superalloys. It addresses joint integrity, design, weld-related cracking, and the effect of grain size, precipitates, and contaminants. It covers common fusion welding techniques, defect prevention, fixturing, heat treatments, and general practices, including the use of filler metals. It also discusses several solid-state welding methods, superplastic forming, and transient liquid phase bonding, a type of diffusion welding process. The chapter includes extensive information on brazing processes, atmospheres, filler metals, and surface preparation procedures. It also includes examples of nickel-base welded components for aerospace use.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.jub.t53290243
EISBN: 978-1-62708-306-5
... providing information on the theory of adhesion. The chapter then describes the considerations for designing adhesively bonded joints and for testing or characterizing adhesive materials. The following section covers the characteristics of the most important synthetic adhesive systems and five groups...
Abstract
Adhesive bonding is a widely used industrial joining process in which a polymeric material is used to join two separate pieces (the adherends or substrates). This chapter begins with a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of adhesive bonding, followed by a section providing information on the theory of adhesion. The chapter then describes the considerations for designing adhesively bonded joints and for testing or characterizing adhesive materials. The following section covers the characteristics of the most important synthetic adhesive systems and five groups of adhesives, namely structural, hot melt, pressure sensitive, water based, and ultraviolet and electron beam cured. The chapter ends with a discussion on some general guidelines for adhesive bonding and the basic steps in the adhesive bonding process.
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230221
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
... in brazing to metals by established methods. The chapter also describes the designing process and properties of metal/nonmetal joints. active brazing brazing alloys chemical interaction direct brazing nonmetals spreading wetting Frequently there is a requirement to braze together components...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the processes involved in the wetting, spreading, and chemical interaction of a braze on a nonmetal. The chapter reviews the key materials and process issues relating to the joining of nonmetals using active brazing. Emphasis is placed on the differences in brazing to metals by established methods. The chapter also describes the designing process and properties of metal/nonmetal joints.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.bcp.t52230441
EISBN: 978-1-62708-298-3
... Livermore National Laboratory , Feb 2 , 1976 Bickford J.H. , 1990 . An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints , Marcel Dekker, Inc. , New York, NY Brush Wellman , 2001 . “ Designing with Beryllium ,” Brochure 517, Cleveland, OH Cagle C.V. , 1973...
Abstract
This chapter explains how to join beryllium parts using adhesive bonding and mechanical fastening techniques and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method. It describes the stresses that need to be considered when designing adhesive bonds, the benefits and limitations of different adhesives, and surface preparation requirements. It explains how adhesives are applied and cured and how curing times and temperatures affect bonding strength. It also discusses the use of bolts and rivets and the different types of joints that can be made with them.
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Brazing
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.pb.t51230001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-351-5
... and contact angle, fluid flow, filler spreading characteristics, surface roughness of components, dissolution of parent materials, new phase formations, significance of the joint gap, and the strength of metals. The chapter also describes issues in processing aspects that must be considered when designing...
Abstract
Brazing and soldering jointly represent one of several methods for joining solid materials. This chapter summarizes the principal characteristics of the various joining methods. It then discusses key parameters of brazing including surface energy and tension, wetting and contact angle, fluid flow, filler spreading characteristics, surface roughness of components, dissolution of parent materials, new phase formations, significance of the joint gap, and the strength of metals. The chapter also describes issues in processing aspects that must be considered when designing a joint, and the health, safety, and environmental aspects of brazing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.jub.t53290001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-306-5
..., corner, lap, and edge joints ( Fig. 1.1 ). Fig. 1.1 Types of joints. Source: Ref 1.1 The selection of an appropriate design to join parts is based on several considerations related to both the product and the joining process. Productrelated considerations include codes and standards...
Abstract
Joining comprises a large number of processes used to assemble individual parts into a larger, more complex component or assembly. The selection of an appropriate design to join parts is based on several considerations related to both the product and the joining process. Many product design departments now improve the ease with which products are assembled by using design for assembly (DFA) techniques, which seek to ensure ease of assembly by developing designs that are easy to assemble. This chapter discusses the general guidelines for DFA and concurrent engineering rules before examining the various joining processes, namely fusion welding, solid-state welding, brazing, soldering, mechanical fastening, and adhesive bonding. In addition, it provides information on several design considerations related to the joining process and selection of the appropriate process for joining.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.smff.t53400145
EISBN: 978-1-62708-316-4
... are the most commonly used mechanical presses in the industry. Extended drives are designed either to change the slide velocity (link drive presses) or to generate high press forces with small ram displacements (knuckle joint and toggle presses) ( Ref 10.1 ). Simple Drive Presses The simplest drive...
Abstract
The load-displacement capabilities of a mechanical press are determined largely by the design of its drive mechanism or, more precisely, the linkage through which the drive motor connects to the slide. This chapter discusses the primary types of linkages used and their effect on force, velocity, and stroke profiles. It begins by describing the simplest drive configuration, a crankshaft that connects directly to the slide, and a variation of it that uses eccentric gears to alter the stroke profile. It then discusses the effect of adding a fixed link, knuckle joint, or toggle to the slider-crank mechanism and how gear ratios, component arrangements, and other design parameters affect slide motion. The chapter also explains how to assess load and energy requirements, time-dependent characteristics, and dimensional accuracy and discusses overload protection, shutheight adjustment, and slide counterbalancing as well.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.mmfi.t69540391
EISBN: 978-1-62708-309-6
... ⋅ θ + K t P BP W t ] References References A5.1. Jarfall L.E. , “ Optimum Design of Joints: The Stress Severity Factor Concept ,” presented at Fifth ICAF Symposium ( Melbourne ), May 1967 A5.2. Waraniak J.M. and Liu A.F...
Abstract
Stress severity factors are used in design and analysis to account for stress concentrations, variations in material properties and fabrication quality, and other analytical uncertainties. They indicate the severity of stress in areas that are prone to crack development. This appendix discusses stress severity factors associated with fastener holes in attachment joints.
Book Chapter
Book: Principles of Soldering
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 April 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ps.t62440001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-352-2
... spreading characteristics, surface roughness of components, dissolution of parent materials and intermetallic growth, significance of the joint gap, and the strength of metals. The chapter also examines the principal aspects related to the design and application of soldering processes. brazing...
Abstract
Soldering and brazing represent one of several types of methods for joining solid materials. These methods may be classified as mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, soldering and brazing, welding, and solid-state joining. This chapter summarizes the principal characteristics of these joining methods. It presents a comparison between solders and brazes. Further details on pressure welding and diffusion bonding are also provided. Key parameters of soldering are discussed, including surface energy and surface tension, wetting and contact angle, fluid flow, filler spreading characteristics, surface roughness of components, dissolution of parent materials and intermetallic growth, significance of the joint gap, and the strength of metals. The chapter also examines the principal aspects related to the design and application of soldering processes.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.tpmpa.t54480265
EISBN: 978-1-62708-318-8
... of the fixture, but metal backing bars sometimes are used without a gas shield. These bars must have metal-to-metal contact. Figure 12.8 shows backing fixtures used in butt welding. Similar fixtures are used for other joint designs. For fillet welds on T-joints, shielding should be supplied for two sides...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the various methods used to join titanium alloy assemblies, focusing on welding processes and procedures. It explains how welding alters the structure and properties of titanium and how it is influenced by composition, surface qualities, and other factors. It describes several welding processes, including arc welding, resistance welding, and friction stir welding, and addresses related issues such as welding defects, quality control, and stress relieving. The chapter also covers mechanical fastening techniques along with adhesive bonding and brazing.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.jub.t53290279
EISBN: 978-1-62708-306-5
... Dilution Melting Temperatures Thermal Conductivity The main considerations in welding dissimilar metal combinations include the specific welding process, the process of buttering to reduce weld metal dilution, joint design, and preheat and PWHTs. Welding Processes Buttering Joint Design...
Abstract
This chapter reviews materials issues encountered in joining, including challenges involved in welding of dissimilar metal combinations; joining of plastics by mechanical fastening, solvent and adhesive bonding, and welding; joining of thermoset and thermoplastic composite materials by mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, and, for thermoplastic composites, welding; the making of glass-to-metal seals; and joining of oxide and nonoxide ceramics to themselves and to metals by solid-state processes and by brazing. The classification, types, applications, and the mechanism of each of these methods are covered. The factors influencing joint integrity and the main considerations in welding dissimilar metal combinations are also discussed.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ssde.t52310201
EISBN: 978-1-62708-286-0
..., good welding technique, and good procedural qualification. Cutting fluids, especially sulfurized oils, are especially detrimental and should be removed completely prior to welding. Preheating is never strictly forbidden since it is required to eliminate moisture. Joint design does not differ...
Abstract
This chapter provides a basis for understanding the influence of stainless steel alloy composition and metallurgy on the welding process, which involves complex dynamics associated with melting, refining, and thermal processing. It begins with an overview of the welding characteristics of the categories of stainless steels, namely austenitic, duplex, ferritic, martensitic, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels. This is followed by a discussion of the selection criteria for materials to be welded. Various welding processes used with stainless steel are then described. The chapter ends with a section on some of the practices to ensure safety and weld quality.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.jub.t53290137
EISBN: 978-1-62708-306-5
... joint design or part cross-sectional requirements. For example, continuous-drive and inertia friction welding processes require that one of the parts exhibit a circular or near-circular cross section. Diffusion bonding is another solid-state welding process that allows joining of a variety of structural...
Abstract
Solid-state welding processes are those that produce coalescence of the faying surfaces at temperatures below the melting point of the base metals being joined without the addition of brazing or solder filler metal. This chapter discusses solid-state welding processes such as diffusion welding, forge welding, roll welding, coextrusion welding, cold welding, friction welding, friction stir welding, explosion welding, and ultrasonic welding.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ahsssta.t53700215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-279-2
... large weld size is not recommended. For a lap joint, it is recommended that the thinner steel be on the top. Three-thickness joint design is not recommended. Recommended minimum steel thickness is 2 mm (0.08 in.), maximum is 9 mm (0.04 in.), and the maximum combination ratio is 3:1. Sulfur...
Abstract
This chapter briefly reviews the experience-based guidelines that were developed for forming and welding advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). It discusses the benefits of using HSS in car body structures and components that are analyzed by the performance indices developed for materials selection.
Book Chapter
Book: Corrosion of Weldments
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cw.t51820169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-339-3
... dissimilar metals joint integrity soldering weld corrosion welding weldments VARIOUS PORTIONS of a process system operate at different service conditions, therefore, different structural alloys are used in the design, and hence, dissimilar-metal welded joints may be required. Many factors must...
Abstract
Many factors must be considered when welding dissimilar metals, and adequate procedures for the various metals and sizes of interest for a specific application must be developed and qualified. Most combinations of dissimilar metals can be joined by solid-state welding (diffusion welding, explosion welding, friction welding, or ultrasonic welding), brazing, or soldering where alloying between the metals is normally insignificant. This chapter describes the factors influencing joint integrity and discusses the corrosion behavior of dissimilar metal weldments.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.t52860115
EISBN: 978-1-62708-338-6
...; design features such as skirt attachments and skirt-to-pressure-vessel structural Y-joints, flanges, and polar fittings; the definitions of hoop and helical wind angles; and what constitutes a ply and a layer for both hoop and helical windings. This nomenclature applies to all pressure vessels, including...
Abstract
The necessity of developing the lightest-weight structures with sufficient strength was the driving factor for the development of filament-wound composite pressure vessels. This chapter presents a brief history of the development of rocket motor cases (RMCs), followed by a comparison of the advantages of composites over metals for RMCs. A discussion on a typical design, analysis, and manufacturing operation follows. The chapter introduces the basic design approach and shows some sizing techniques along with example calculations. It discusses the processes involved in the testing of the composite pressure vessel.