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Book Chapter
Solidification, Segregation, and Nonmetallic Inclusions
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.msisep.t59220129
EISBN: 978-1-62708-259-4
..., macro- and microsegregation, and hot cracking, as well as the effects of solidification and remelting on castings, ingots, and continuous cast products. It explains how to determine where defects originate in continuous casters and how to control alumina, sulfide, and nitride inclusions...
Abstract
Many of the structural characteristics of steel products are a result of changes that occur during solidification, particularly volume contractions and solute redistribution. This chapter discusses the solidification process and how it affects the quality and behaviors of steel. It explains how steel shrinks as it solidifies, causing issues such as pipe and voids, and how differences in the solubility of solid and liquid steel lead to compositional heterogeneities or segregation. It describes the dendritic nature of solidification, peritectic and eutectic reactions, microporosity, macro- and microsegregation, and hot cracking, as well as the effects of solidification and remelting on castings, ingots, and continuous cast products. It explains how to determine where defects originate in continuous casters and how to control alumina, sulfide, and nitride inclusions.
Book Chapter
The Influence and Control of Porosity and Inclusions in Aluminum Castings
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.aacppa.t51140047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-335-5
... Abstract Porosity in aluminum is caused by the precipitation of hydrogen from liquid solution or by shrinkage during solidification, and more usually by a combination of these effects. Nonmetallic inclusions entrained before solidification influence porosity formation and mechanical properties...
Abstract
Porosity in aluminum is caused by the precipitation of hydrogen from liquid solution or by shrinkage during solidification, and more usually by a combination of these effects. Nonmetallic inclusions entrained before solidification influence porosity formation and mechanical properties. This chapter describes the causes and control of porosity and inclusions in aluminum castings as well as the combined effects of hydrogen, shrinkage, and inclusions on the properties of aluminum alloys. In addition, it discusses the applications of radiography to reveal internal discontinuities in aluminum.
Image
Slim, cracklike inclusions in the 52100 steel. The inclusions are oriented ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2008
Fig. 37 Slim, cracklike inclusions in the 52100 steel. The inclusions are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the component. No etch
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Image
Manganese sulfide inclusions in resulfurized free-machining steel. Unetched...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 March 2006
Fig. 2 Manganese sulfide inclusions in resulfurized free-machining steel. Unetched (as-polished). Original magnification: 500×. Source: Ref 6
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Image
Examples of selective techniques applied to sulfide-aluminate inclusions in...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 1984
Figure 3-47 Examples of selective techniques applied to sulfide-aluminate inclusions in a resulfurized aluminum-killed alloy steel. Top left, as-polished; top right, ZnSe applied to as-polished surface; bottom left, preetched with nital, then tint-etched with Beraha’s lead sulfide etch; bottom
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Image
Gray cast iron with large graphite flakes. Nonmetallic inclusions can also ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2018
Fig. 17.21 Gray cast iron with large graphite flakes. Nonmetallic inclusions can also be observed. Not etched.
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Image
Locations of slag inclusions in weld metal: (a) near the surface and in the...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2011
Fig. 5.18 Locations of slag inclusions in weld metal: (a) near the surface and in the root of a single-pass weld, (b) between weld beads in a multipass weld, and (c) at the side of a weld near the root. Source: Ref 5.9
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Image
Effect of inclusions on tensile strength of Al-12Si sand cast test bars. In...
Available to Purchase
in The Influence and Control of Porosity and Inclusions in Aluminum Castings
> Aluminum Alloy Castings: Properties, Processes, and Applications
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 5.7 Effect of inclusions on tensile strength of Al-12Si sand cast test bars. Inclusions decrease the tensile strength about twice as much as would be predicted on the basis of the decrease in cross section. Tensile strength at 0% inclusions = 27 ksi (186 MPa).
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Image
in Accepted Practice for Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Spray Coating Samples
> Thermal Spray Technology: Accepted Practices
Published: 01 June 2022
Figure 16 Pull out of inclusions. (a) An example of pull-out that occur in the coarse grinding step. (b) The pull outs in red circles are not shown as green (the dye color) in the UV image.
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Image
Large and small sulfide inclusions in a ductile dimple fracture. SEM. 5000×...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 22 Large and small sulfide inclusions in a ductile dimple fracture. SEM. 5000×.
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Image
Published: 01 December 1989
Fig. 4.7. Effects of inclusions on fatigue life of type 4340 steel ( Ref 4 ).
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Image
Sections showing locations of slag inclusions in weld metal. (a) Near the s...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 July 1997
Fig. 3 Sections showing locations of slag inclusions in weld metal. (a) Near the surface and in the root of a single-pass weld. (b) Between weld beads in a multiple-pass weld. (c) At the side of a weld
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Image
Concentration of inclusions near the fatigue crack site. (a) SEM image with...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2008
Fig. 32 Concentration of inclusions near the fatigue crack site. (a) SEM image with secondary electrons. (b) Backscattered electrons
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Image
Alignment of the elongated inclusions (oriented in the longitudinal directi...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 September 2008
Fig. 38 Alignment of the elongated inclusions (oriented in the longitudinal direction of the part) act as an easy propagation path in the 52100 steel axle. The main fracture direction, that is, longitudinal, corresponds exactly to the elongation and inclusion alignments. The arrows point
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Image
Model of fatigue crack initiation due to the presence of inclusions in a no...
Available to Purchase
in Sources of Failures in Carburized and Carbonitrided Components
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 70 Model of fatigue crack initiation due to the presence of inclusions in a nonmartensitic (decarburized) steel layer. Source: Ref 122
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Image
(a) Representative view of large slag-type inclusions observed throughout t...
Available to Purchase
in Steel Heat Treatment Failures due to Quenching
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 36 (a) Representative view of large slag-type inclusions observed throughout the sample cross sections. Unetched. Original magnification: 100×. (b) View of the crack profile and slag-type inclusions observed adjacent to the cracking. Unetched. Original magnification: 100×
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Image
Aspect of the stringer inclusions observed within the pin tip location. Une...
Available to Purchase
in Steel Heat Treatment Failures due to Quenching
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 43 Aspect of the stringer inclusions observed within the pin tip location. Unetched. Original magnification: 100×
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Image
Schematic diagram of the inclusions that form in as-cast aluminum-killed st...
Available to Purchase
in Primary Processing Effects on Steel Microstructure and Properties
> Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 9.5 Schematic diagram of the inclusions that form in as-cast aluminum-killed steels and the changes produced in inclusion morphology by hot rolling. “A” represents Al 2 O 3 and “C” represents CaO. Source: Ref 9.9
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Image
Elongated MnS inclusions in a low-carbon steel. As-polished surface, longit...
Available to Purchase
in Primary Processing Effects on Steel Microstructure and Properties
> Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance
Published: 01 January 2015
Fig. 9.7 Elongated MnS inclusions in a low-carbon steel. As-polished surface, longitudinal section, light micrograph, original magnification at 500×. Courtesy of Mark Richards, Colorado School of Mines
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