Figure 18 Specially designed fluid immersion lenses improve resolution by up to 40% over air immersed lens. The index of the immersion medium must match that of the 1 st lens. More

Figure 19 Solid Immersion Lens (SIL) in optical contact with the wafer gives a huge benefit in resolution for backside inspection. Note the hemisphere continues virtually, but not actually into the wafer. More

Figure 24 Diagram showing how increasing the NA of an immersion lens reduces the depth of field putting higher demand on surface preparation to enable these advanced techniques [25] . More

Fig. 5.10 Conceptual outline of how water immersion is used to measure feedstock density. A sequence of dry and wet mass determinations is used to measure the sample volume, and the sample mass divided by that volume gives the feedstock density. More

Fig. 7.11 Binder-extraction data at two temperatures for solvent-immersion extraction of paraffin wax. Source: Camargo et al. ( Ref 5 ) More

Fig. 7.32 Binder removal by solvent immersion initially progresses rapidly, but as dissolution is from greater depth in the pores, the process dramatically slows. These 60 °C (140 °F) heptane immersion data are for an iron powder compact injection molded with a binder consisting of paraffin More

Fig. 7.34 Solvent immersion data for 2 μm silicon nitride in water, where polyethylene glycol in the binder dissolves according to Eq 7.3 More

Fig. 10.35 Solvent immersion debinding data for 0.8 μm alumina. Trials over several hours are reported for three temperatures, showing more rapid filler-phase removal as temperature increases. Source: Oliveira et al. ( Ref 22 ) More

Fig. 13.31 Cross section of steel sheet galvanized by immersion. No etching. More

Fig. 7 Schematic representation of straight-beam immersion inspection of a 25 mm thick aluminum alloy 1100 plate containing a planar discontinuity, showing (a) inspection setup, (b) complete video mode A-scan display, and (c) normal oscilloscope display. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 11.15 Immersion tubes for molten aluminum holding furnaces made from a filament-wound continuous fiber ceramic-matrix composite. Courtesy of Textron Systems. Source: Ref 11.3 More

Fig. 16.1 Nickel-base alloy coupon after immersion testing in molten zinc at 455 °C (850 °F) for 50 h. Source: Ref 11 More

Fig. 3.19 Alternate-immersion stress-corrosion data from smooth bend specimens. Source: Ref 3.8 More

Fig. 4 Resin flask used to conduct simple immersion tests. A, thermowell; B, resin flask; C, specimens hung on supporting device (C-1, vapor phase; C-2,partial immersion; C-3, total immersion); D, air inlet; E, eating mantle; F, liquid interface; G, opening in flask for additional apparatus More

Fig. 5 Lift-type alternate-immersion apparatus. Specimens shown are in the emersion position, where they remain for 50 min. They are then lowered into the tanks of saltwater for 10 min to complete the 1 h cycle. Many shapes and sized of specimens can be tested in this large equipment. More

Fig. 9.14 Corrosion resistances (5% NaCl by immersion) obtainable for various grades of stainless steel, sintered under optimized (O) and nonoptimized (N/O) conditions. DA, dissociated ammonia. Sintered densities: 6.4 to 6.6 g/cm 3 . Sintering time: 45 min. Optimized designates exclusion More

Fig. A.54 Test components after immersion in hot fluidized bed More

Fig. 6-15 Fluidized-bed heating compared with conventional immersion heating (molten salt and molten lead baths) and convection heating for 16 mm (⅝ in.) diam steel bars. Source: Ref 7 More

Fig. 17-14 Combined oxygen probe and immersion thermocouple with portable recorder More

Fig. 5 Anodic-polarization curve for aluminum alloy 1100. Specimens were immersed in neutral deaerated NaCl solution free of cathodic reactant. Pitting develops only at potentials more cathodic than the pitting potential E p . The intersection of the anodic curve for aluminum (solid line More