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hysteresis loops
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 July 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdmht.t52060083
EISBN: 978-1-62708-343-0
... ). (a) Normalized and tempered 2¼Cr-1Mo steel at 540 °C (1000 °F). (b) Quenched and tempered 2¼Cr-1Mo steel at 485 °C (900 °F). (c) Solution-annealed AISI type 304 stainless steel at 650 °C (1200 °F). Source: Ref 5.22 Fig. 5.16 Schematic hysteresis loop of CP test incorporating a constant creep strain...
Abstract
This chapter compares and contrasts empirical approaches for partitioning hysteresis loops and predicting creep-fatigue life. The first part of the chapter presents experimental partitioning methods, explaining how they can be used to partition any loading cycle into its basic strain-range components. The methods covered include rapid cycling between peak stress extremes, half-cycle rapid loading and unloading, and variations of the incremental step-stress approach. The methods are then compared based on their ability to predict creep-fatigue life. The chapter goes on from there to describe how fatigue life can be estimated from ductility measurements when cyclic data are unavailable or are likely to change. It also explains how cyclic life is influenced by the time-dependent nature of creep-plasticity and the physical and metallurgical effects of environmental exposure.
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Published: 01 August 2005
Fig. 3.42 Schematic hysteresis loops encountered in isothermal creep-fatigue testing. (a) Pure fatigue, no creep. (b) Tensile stress hold, strain limited. (c) Tensile strain hold, stress relaxation. (d) Slow tensile straining rate. (e) Compressive stress hold, strain limited. (f) Compressive
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in Magnetic and Physical Properties
> Powder Metallurgy Stainless Steels: Processing, Microstructures, and Properties
Published: 01 June 2007
Fig. 8.4 Hysteresis loops of typical soft (left) and hard (right) magnetic materials. Source: Ref 4 . Reprinted with permission from MPIF, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ
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in Strain-Range Conversion—An Extended View of Strain-Range Partitioning
> Fatigue and Durability of Metals at High Temperatures
Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 4.2 Nine different hysteresis loops with the same PP, CC, and CP components of strain. Source: Ref 4.1
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in Strain-Range Conversion—An Extended View of Strain-Range Partitioning
> Fatigue and Durability of Metals at High Temperatures
Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 4.7 Hysteresis loops and strain history in strain-range conversion experiments involving unequal strain ranges of one cycle of CP (Δε IN = 0.0170, f CP = 0.671, f PP = 0.329), followed by either one or two cycles of PC (Δε IN = 0.0112, f Pc = 0.509, f PP = 0.491
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in Partitioning of Hysteresis Loops and Life Relations
> Fatigue and Durability of Metals at High Temperatures
Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 5.22 Hysteresis loops used in developing the generalized strain-range partitioning life relationships. Source: Ref 5.26
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in Total Strain-Based Strain-Range Partitioning—Isothermal and Thermomechanical Fatigue
> Fatigue and Durability of Metals at High Temperatures
Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 6.41 Schematic bithermal stress-strain hysteresis loops (mechanical + thermal strain). (a) In-phase PP, high-rate in-phase. (b) Out-of-phase PP, high-rate out-of-phase. (c) In-phase, CP + PP, tensile creep in-phase. (d) Out-of-phase, PC + PP, compressive creep out-of-phase. (e) In-phase
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Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 7.2 Three types of hysteresis loops for biaxial loading wherein the transverse stress is opposite in sign to that of the stress in the dominant direction. (a) Stress in 2-direction is σ 2 = 0. (b) Stress in 2-direction is |σ 2 |≪|σ 1 |. (c) Stress in 2-direction is |σ 2 | > (½)|σ 1
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in Critique of Predictive Methods for Treatment of Time-Dependent Metal Fatigue at High Temperatures
> Fatigue and Durability of Metals at High Temperatures
Published: 01 July 2009
Fig. 8.20 Hysteresis loops for four bithermal loadings used to evaluate various predictive methods. (a) PP. (b) CC. (c) CP. (d) PC
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in Aerospace Applications—Example Fatigue Problems
> Fatigue and Durability of Metals at High Temperatures
Published: 01 July 2009
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Published: 01 March 2006
Fig. 4.4 Development of hysteresis loops for man-ten steel under complex load history. Smooth specimen simulation of notch root stress-strain response of a notched specimen used in the SAE cumulative fatigue damage program. Source: Ref 4.1
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Published: 01 March 2006
Fig. 4.16 Hysteresis loops implied by moving only the elastic line due to mean stress. (a) Zero mean stress ( V σ = 0). (b) Tensile mean ( V σ = +1). (c) Compressive mean ( V σ = –1)
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Published: 01 March 2006
Fig. 4.18 Hysteresis loops with positive, negative, and zero mean stress, showing that measured cyclic stress-strain response is independent of mean stress. Material, 316 stainless steel at room temperature. Dr, 43.2 ksi. Source: Ref 4.16
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Published: 01 March 2006
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in Special Materials: Polymers, Bone, Ceramics, and Composites
> Fatigue and Durability of Structural Materials
Published: 01 March 2006
Fig. 12.7 Hysteresis loops generated in step tests of Fig. 12.6(a) for polycarbonate at room temperature. Source: Ref 12.3
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in Special Materials: Polymers, Bone, Ceramics, and Composites
> Fatigue and Durability of Structural Materials
Published: 01 March 2006
Fig. 12.12 Hysteresis loops for three polymers cycled at various strain ranges. (a) Polypropylene at 298 K, Δε t = 8% ( Ref 12.4 ). (b) Nylon 6/6 at 298 K, Δε t = 12% ( Ref 12.3 ). (c) Polycarbonate at 298 K, Δε t = 10% ( Ref 12.3 )
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in Special Materials: Polymers, Bone, Ceramics, and Composites
> Fatigue and Durability of Structural Materials
Published: 01 March 2006
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Published: 01 June 1983
Figure 6.20 Several commonly observed types of hysteresis loops for ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials.
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in Special Materials: Polymers, Bone, Ceramics, and Composites
> Fatigue and Durability of Structural Materials
Published: 01 March 2006
Fig. 12.32 Stress-strain hysteresis loops for zero-to-compression fatigue loading. Source: Ref 12.9
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in Special Materials: Polymers, Bone, Ceramics, and Composites
> Fatigue and Durability of Structural Materials
Published: 01 March 2006
Fig. 12.39 Stress-strain hysteresis loops for fully reversed fatigue specimen TCH. Source: Ref 12.9
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