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Image
Intergranular fracture from hydrogen embrittlement, as seen through the SEM...
Available to Purchase
in Overview of the Mechanisms of Failure in Heat Treated Steel Components
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Image
Hydrogen embrittlement failure of an ISO 10.9 low-alloy steel bolt grade. (...
Available to Purchase
in Overview of the Mechanisms of Failure in Heat Treated Steel Components
> Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components
Published: 01 September 2008
Fig. 40 Hydrogen embrittlement failure of an ISO 10.9 low-alloy steel bolt grade. (a) As-received bolt. (b) Multiple initiation sites with secondary cracks evident. (c) Intergranular fracture along prior-austenite grain boundaries
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Image
Test results of hydrogen embrittlement cracking of iron-nickel-cobalt steel...
Available to Purchase
in Static and Dynamic Fracture Toughness of Metals
> Mechanics and Mechanisms of Fracture: An Introduction
Published: 01 August 2005
Fig. 4.22 Test results of hydrogen embrittlement cracking of iron-nickel-cobalt steels. Source: Ref 4.31
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Image
Transgranular and intergranular hydrogen embrittlement fractures. (a) Trans...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2012
Fig. 23 Transgranular and intergranular hydrogen embrittlement fractures. (a) Transgranular cleavage fracture in hydrogen embrittled annealed type 301 austenitic stainless steel; (b) Intergranular decohesion fracture in hydrogen embrittled 4130 steel heat treated to 1275 MPa (185 ksi). Source
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Image
Potential ranges of stress-corrosion cracking by (I) hydrogen embrittlement...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 July 2000
Fig. 7.71 Potential ranges of stress-corrosion cracking by (I) hydrogen embrittlement, (II) cracking of unstable passive film, and (III) cracking initiated by pits near the pitting potential. Vertical dashed lines define potential range over which nonpassivating type films may crack under
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Image
in Advanced Techniques of Failure Analysis
> Failure Analysis of Engineering Structures: Methodology and Case Histories
Published: 01 October 2005
Image
Hydrogen embrittlement failure of a Ti-6Al-4V helium pressure vessel used o...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2006
Fig. 8 Hydrogen embrittlement failure of a Ti-6Al-4V helium pressure vessel used on the Saturn IV B. Similar hydriding occurred in Apollo SPS pressure vessels. (a) Failed pressure vessel due to brittle hydride formation along weld bead made with commercially pure titanium. (b) Hydride at edge
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Image
Time to failure by hydrogen embrittlement of two heats of as-welded AL 29-4...
Available to Purchase
in Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steels[1]
> Stress-Corrosion Cracking: Materials Performance and Evaluation
Published: 01 January 2017
Fig. 4.40 Time to failure by hydrogen embrittlement of two heats of as-welded AL 29-4C stainless steel in ambient temperature synthetic seawater as a function of applied potential. After Ref 4.162
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Image
Effect of environmental temperature on hydrogen embrittlement of alloy C-27...
Available to Purchase
in Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Nickel-Base Alloys[1]
> Stress-Corrosion Cracking: Materials Performance and Evaluation
Published: 01 January 2017
Fig. 5.37 Effect of environmental temperature on hydrogen embrittlement of alloy C-276. Environment: 4% NaCl + 05% CH 3 COOH + H 2 S (1 atm), coupled to carbon steel. Stressed to 90% yield. Alloy aged at 500 °C (930 °F) for 100 h. Source: Ref 5.41
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Image
Hydrogen embrittlement failure of a 300 M steel space shuttle orbiter nose ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2000
Fig. 64 Hydrogen embrittlement failure of a 300 M steel space shuttle orbiter nose landing gear steering collar pin. The pin was heat treated to a 1895-MPa (275 ksi) strength level. The part was plated with chromium and titanium-cadmium. (a) Pin showing location of failure (actual size). (b
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Image
Schematic of slow-crack-growth kinetics in steels due to hydrogen embrittle...
Available to Purchase
in Stress-Corrosion Cracking of High-Strength Steels (Yield Strengths Greater Than 1240 MPa)[1]
> Stress-Corrosion Cracking: Materials Performance and Evaluation
Published: 01 January 2017
Fig. 3.9 Schematic of slow-crack-growth kinetics in steels due to hydrogen embrittlement. (a) Growth rate as a function of applied stress intensity. (b) Stage 2 (II) growth rate as a function of temperature. Source: Ref 3.22
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Image
Example of hydrogen-embrittled steel. Intergranular fracture in an AISI 413...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2005
Fig. 16 Example of hydrogen-embrittled steel. Intergranular fracture in an AISI 4130 steel heat treated to an ultimate tensile strength of 1281 MPa (186 ksi) and stressed at 980 MPa (142 ksi) while being charged with hydrogen
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Image
Hydrogen-embrittled steels. (a) Transgranular cleavage fracture in a hydrog...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2008
Fig. 18.21 Hydrogen-embrittled steels. (a) Transgranular cleavage fracture in a hydrogen-embrittled annealed type 301 austenitic stainless steel. (b) Intergranular decohesive fracture in 4130 steel heat treated to 1280 MPa (185 ksi) and stessed at 980 MPa (142 ksi) while being charged
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Book Chapter
Low Toughness and Embrittlement Phenomena in Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.spsp2.t54410439
EISBN: 978-1-62708-265-5
... shortness associated with copper and overheating and burning as occur during forging. It addresses various types of embrittlement, including quench embrittlement, tempered-martensite embrittlement, liquid-metal-induced embrittlement, and hydrogen embrittlement, and concludes with a discussion on high...
Abstract
This chapter describes the causes of cracking, embrittlement, and low toughness in carbon and low-alloy steels and their differentiating fracture surface characteristics. It discusses the interrelated effects of composition, processing, and microstructure and contributing factors such as hot shortness associated with copper and overheating and burning as occur during forging. It addresses various types of embrittlement, including quench embrittlement, tempered-martensite embrittlement, liquid-metal-induced embrittlement, and hydrogen embrittlement, and concludes with a discussion on high-temperature hydrogen attack and its effect on strength and ductility.
Book Chapter
Steel Failures due to Tempering and Isothermal Heat Treatment
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 September 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fahtsc.t51130285
EISBN: 978-1-62708-284-6
... of microstructural transformation. A section describing the types of embrittlement from tempering, along with mechanical tests for the determination of temper embrittlement (TE), is presented. Various factors involved in the interaction of the TE phenomenon with hydrogen embrittlement and liquid-metal embrittlement...
Abstract
This chapter reviews the causes and cases associated with the problems originated by tempering of steels. To provide background on this phenomenon, a brief description of the martensite reactions and the steel heat treatment of tempering is given to review the different stages of microstructural transformation. A section describing the types of embrittlement from tempering, along with mechanical tests for the determination of temper embrittlement (TE), is presented. Various factors involved in the interaction of the TE phenomenon with hydrogen embrittlement and liquid-metal embrittlement are also provided. The cases covered are grinding cracks on steel cam shaft and transgranular and intergranular crack path in commercial steels.
Book Chapter
Corrosion in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Operations
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cpi2.t55030292
EISBN: 978-1-62708-282-2
... stress cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, hydrogen embrittlement cracking, stress-corrosion cracking, velocity-accelerated corrosion, erosion-corrosion, and corrosion control is provided. petroleum refineries petrochemical plants materials selection...
Abstract
This chapter presents the primary considerations and mechanisms for corrosion and how they are involved in the selection of materials for process equipment in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants. In addition, specific information on mechanical properties, corrosion, sulfide stress cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, hydrogen embrittlement cracking, stress-corrosion cracking, velocity-accelerated corrosion, erosion-corrosion, and corrosion control is provided.
Book Chapter
Failure of Max Screws in Fuel-Injection Pumps
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.faesmch.t51270196
EISBN: 978-1-62708-301-0
... Abstract Fastening screws used in fuel-injection pumps failed during assembly and were examined to determine the cause. Based on observations and the result SEM fractography and hardness measurements, the screws failed by brittle intergranular fracture due to hydrogen embrittlement associated...
Abstract
Fastening screws used in fuel-injection pumps failed during assembly and were examined to determine the cause. Based on observations and the result SEM fractography and hardness measurements, the screws failed by brittle intergranular fracture due to hydrogen embrittlement associated with plating procedures. The report includes recommendations for improving the quality of the screws.
Book Chapter
Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Amorphous Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sccmpe2.t55090333
EISBN: 978-1-62708-266-2
... vulnerable to SCC due to hydrogen embrittlement. This chapter presents findings from several studies on this phenomenon, describing test conditions as well as cracking and fracture behaviors. It also discusses the effect of deformation on corrosion behavior, particularly for alloys without strongly...
Abstract
Amorphous alloys, because of their lack of crystallographic slip planes, are assumed to be insensitive to the selective corrosion attack that causes stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) in crystalline alloys. However, under certain conditions, melt-spun amorphous alloys have proven vulnerable to SCC due to hydrogen embrittlement. This chapter presents findings from several studies on this phenomenon, describing test conditions as well as cracking and fracture behaviors. It also discusses the effect of deformation on corrosion behavior, particularly for alloys without strongly passivating elements.
Book Chapter
Forms of Corrosion: Recognition and Prevention
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.cub.t66910099
EISBN: 978-1-62708-250-1
... hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-induced blistering, high-temperature hydrogen attack, and hydride formation). All these forms are addressed in this chapter in the context of aqueous corrosion. For each form, a general description is provided along with information on the causes and the list of metals...
Abstract
Corrosion problems can be divided into eight categories based on the appearance of the corrosion damage or the mechanism of attack: uniform or general corrosion; pitting corrosion; crevice corrosion, including corrosion under tubercles or deposits, filiform corrosion, and poultice corrosion; galvanic corrosion; erosion-corrosion, including cavitation erosion and fretting corrosion; intergranular corrosion, including sensitization and exfoliation; dealloying; environmentally assisted cracking, including stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and hydrogen damage (including hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-induced blistering, high-temperature hydrogen attack, and hydride formation). All these forms are addressed in this chapter in the context of aqueous corrosion. For each form, a general description is provided along with information on the causes and the list of metals that can be affected, with particular emphasis on the recognition and prevention measures.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sccmpe2.t55090095
EISBN: 978-1-62708-266-2
..., polythionic acid, and high-temperature environments and the correlating effects on austenitic, ferritic, duplex, martensitic, and precipitation hardening stainless steels and nickel-base alloys. It also discusses the contributing effects of sensitization and hydrogen embrittlement and the role of composition...
Abstract
This chapter takes a practical approach to the problem of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) in stainless steels, explaining how different application environments affect different grades of stainless steel. It describes the causes of stress-corrosion cracking in chloride, caustic, polythionic acid, and high-temperature environments and the correlating effects on austenitic, ferritic, duplex, martensitic, and precipitation hardening stainless steels and nickel-base alloys. It also discusses the contributing effects of sensitization and hydrogen embrittlement and the role of composition, microstructure, and thermal history. Sensitization is particularly detrimental to austenitic stainless steels, and in many cases, eliminating it will eliminate the susceptibility to SCC. The chapter includes an extensive amount of data and illustrations.
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